We survey recent work on moduli spaces of manifolds with an emphasis on the role played by (stable and unstable) homotopy theory. The theory is illustrated with several worked examples.2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 57R90, 57R15, 57R56, 55P47.
2.2.Classifying spaces. The natural equivalence relation between the bundles considered above is concordance, which we recall.Definition 2.2. Let π 0 : E 0 → X and π 1 : E 1 → X be smooth bundles with Θ-structures ρ 0 : Fr(T π0 E 0 ) → Θ and ρ 1 : Fr(T π1 E 1 ) → Θ.(i) An isomorphism between (π 0 , ρ 0 ) and (π 1 , ρ 1 ) is a diffeomorphism φ : E 0 → E 1 over X, such that the induced map Fr(D π φ) : Fr(T π0 E 0 ) → Fr(T π1 E 1 ) is over Θ. (ii) A concordance between (π 0 , ρ 0 ) and (π 1 , ρ 1 ) is a smooth fibre bundle π :E → R × X with Θ-structure ρ : Fr(T π E) → Θ, together with isomorphisms from (π 0 , ρ 0 ) and (π 1 , ρ 1 ) to the pullbacks of (π, ρ) along the two embeddingsPulling back is functorial up to isomorphism and preserves being concordant.Definition 2.3. For a smooth manifold X without boundary, let F Θ [X] denote the set of concordance classes of pairs (π, ρ) of a smooth fibre bundle π : E → X with Θ-structure ρ : Fr(T π E) → Θ. (Note that X is fixed, but E is allowed to vary.)Theorem 2.4. The functor X → F Θ [X] is representable in the (weak) sense that there exists a topological space M Θ and a natural bijection
1)where the codomain denotes homotopy classes of continuous maps.