On the toxicology of Azadirachta indica leaves

Ibrahim, Ishraga; Khalid, Sami A.; Omer, Sawsan A.; Adam, Safwaan

doi:10.1016/0378-8741(92)90024-l

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, in the third dose level of leaf meal, total proteins were lowest as compared to other levels. This might be due to toxic effect of this very high dose level of A. indica as reported by Ibrahim et al (1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of the levels ofAzadirachta indicadried leaf meal as phytogenic feed additive on the growth performance and haemato-biochemical parameters in broiler chicks

Ansari

Khan²,

Haq

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Animal Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A study was conducted to evaluate three different levels of Azadirachta indica dried leaf meal, using diets supplemented with 0 (negative control), 1.25 g antibiotic/kg (positive control), 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 g leaf meal/kg of feed. The chicks were randomly divided into 15 separate floor pens (each 10 )15 feet) each comprising 20 chicks and three pens (replicates) per treatment group following completely randomised design. At 28 and 42 d BW and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined. At 42 d, five birds per pen were slaughtered to measure dressing percentage and lymphoid organs weight was also determined. Serum protein, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum cholesterol, tissue cholesterol, growth hormone, thyroxine and haematological indices were also determined. At both 28 and 42 d, birds fed diets supplemented with 2.5 g/kg of leaf meal had significantly greater BW and better FCR than those fed diets with 1.25, 5.0 g/kg of leaf meal and controls. There was no significant (p 0.05) difference between BW and FCR when birds fed diets 1.25, 5.0 g/kg of leaf meal and antibiotic (positive control) at any age. There was no significant (p 0.05) effect on mortality at any time during the study. There was no marked variation in dressing percentage between leaf meal supplementation and antibiotic at 28 d of age. However, birds fed diet with 2.5 g/kg of leaf meal had significantly (p B0.05) highest dressing percentage than birds fed diets of 1.25 or 5.0 g/kg of leaf meal and control groups at 42 d of age. The mean lymphoid organs weight of control birds was significantly lower than the birds fed on diets containing leaf meal and antibiotics. Serum total protein was increased (p B0.05) in birds fed leaf meal up to 2.5 g/kg as compared to controls, antibiotic and higher level of leaf meal. The activities of blood enzymes (SGPT, SGOT and ALP) in groups of all broilers supplemented with leaf meal and antibiotic was lower (p B0.05) than negative control group. Serum and tissue cholesterol significantly decreased (p B0.05) with increasing the levels of leaf meal. Non-significant difference was observed amongst controls (positive and negative) and low level of leaf meal. Birds fed on diets containing antibiotic and leaf meal up to 2.5 g/kg had higher (p B0.05) packed cell volume values, red blood cell counts, white blood cell counts, haemoglobin and erythrocyte indices than birds fed diets without leaf meal (negative control) and third dose of leaf meal. It may be concluded that A. indica leaf meal can be included in the diets of broiler chicks up to 2.5 g/kg without any deleterious effects on their performance, serum biochemical constituents and haematological indices. Moreover, the dietary supplementation of A. indica leaf meal may lead to the development of low-cholesterol chicken meat as demanded by health-conscious consumers.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of the levels ofAzadirachta indicadried leaf meal as phytogenic feed additive on the growth performance and haemato-biochemical parameters in broiler chicks

Ansari

Khan²,

Haq

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Animal Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, they observed that most of the pure compounds show a relatively low toxicity (ESD azadirachtin 15 mg/kg bw), while for all preparations, reversible effect on reproduction of both male and female mammals seem to be the most important toxic effects upon sub-acute or chronic exposure. Hence, based on review of available data Gandhi et al (1988) and Kumar et al (2002) Rats Ibrahim et al (1992Ibrahim et al ( , 1994 Humans Allergy Pollen grains Whole -Nasal Boral et al (2004) and Karmakar and Chatterjee (1994) Crustaceans Rao et al (1995) and Sagar andSehgal 1996 Phytochem Rev (2009) 8:601-620 613 on safety assessments for the various neem-derived preparations, they concluded that, if applied with care, use of neem-derived products as insecticide should not be discouraged.…”

Section: Toxicological Effects Of Azadirachta Indica Productsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…After feeding Brown Hisex chicks with 2 and 5% A. indica leaf supplemented diet for 28 days, Ibrahim et al (1994) reported a depression in body weight gain and efficiency of feed utilization accompanied with clinicopatholological changes such as increases in activities/levels of lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid and billirubin concentrations with concomitant decreases in serum total protein. They also observed significant changes in the values of erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration associated with yellow discoloration of the legs and combs and hepatonephropathy.…”

Section: Toxicity In Poultrymentioning

confidence: 98%

Azadirachta indica (neem): a plant of multiple biological and pharmacological activities

Atawodi

2009

Phytochem Rev

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Azadirachta indica, commonly called neem or 'dogonyaro' in Nigeria, is a plant that has found varied use in ecological, medicinal and agricultural sectors. Biological and pharmacological activities attributed to different parts and extracts of these plants include antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal, antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, larvicidal and fungicidal activities. Others include antiulcer, spermicidal, anthelminthic, antidiabetic, anti-implantation, immunomodulating, molluscicidal, nematicidal, immunocontraceptive, insecticidal, antifeedant and insect repellant effects. But toxicological activities such as allergic, genotoxic, cytogenetic and radiosensitizing effects have also been reported in humans and some economic animals, particularly, aquatic organisms, chicks and goats. Bioassay-guided studies and phytochemical analyses utilizing modern state-of-the-art techniques such as HPLC-MS, GC-MS, NMR and Infra Red spectroscopy have revealed that phytocompounds like azadirachtins, nimocinol, isomeldenin, azadirachtol (a tetranortriterpernoid), 2,3 0 -dehydrosalanol gedunin, nimbin, nimolicinol, odoratone, azadironolide, isoazadironolide, naheedin and mahmoodin are responsible for the varied biological, pharmacological and toxicological properties observed. In this paper, we review how a developing country like Nigeria can harness the numerous opportunities presented by the multi-biological and multi-pharmacological nature of A. indica to solve some of her myriad problems, including those in the agricultural, health and economic sectors.

show abstract

“…Furthermore, metabolic acidosis induced by malaria infection, development, and RBC destruction followed by severe anemia has also been described [18]. Antioxidant property of Siamese neem tree extract has been reported to maintain blood pH as well as protect RBC from acidosis [19][20][21]. Interestingly, hemolysis was also observed in PYR treated group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Anti-hemolysis of Aqueous Crude Extract of Siamese Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica) during Plasmodium berghei Infection in Mice

Somsak¹,

Chachiyo²

2015

Malaria Contr Elimination

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Malaria-associated hemolysis is associated with mortality in malaria patients. It has been speculated that oxidative stress and inflammation induced by parasite infection and propagation are involved in its pathophysiology. Hence, this study was aimed to investigate the anti-hemolysis of Siamese neem tree (Azadirachta indica) extracts against Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. Leaf aqueous crude extract of Siamese neem tree was prepared using hot water method and used for oral treatment in mice. ICR mice were infected with 1×107 infected red blood cells of P. berghei ANKA by intraperitoneal injection and given the extracts (500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg) for 4-consecutive days. To assess hemolysis, hematocrit levels were then evaluated. Hematocrit level was markedly decreased during malaria parasite propagation in mice. However, anti-hemolytic effect was observed in infected mice treated with the extracts at dose-dependent manners, especially at doses of 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg. Although hemolysis was observed in pyrimethamine, antimalarial drug, treated group, but it could be protected by combination treatment of pyrimethamine with this extract. In conclusion, aqueous crude extracts of Siamese neem tree exerted anti-hemolysis induced by malaria infection and could be used as combination treatment. This plant may work as potential source in the development of variety of herbal formulations for malarial treatment.

show abstract

On the toxicology of Azadirachta indica leaves

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of the levels ofAzadirachta indicadried leaf meal as phytogenic feed additive on the growth performance and haemato-biochemical parameters in broiler chicks

Effect of the levels ofAzadirachta indicadried leaf meal as phytogenic feed additive on the growth performance and haemato-biochemical parameters in broiler chicks

Azadirachta indica (neem): a plant of multiple biological and pharmacological activities

Anti-hemolysis of Aqueous Crude Extract of Siamese Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica) during Plasmodium berghei Infection in Mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About