“…This has been found across different species (e.g., Gray et al, 2005; Murphy & Miller, 1958), tasks (Bennett, 1993; Padilla et al, 2017), and sensory modalities (Ellins et al, 1985; Rescorla & Cunningham, 1979). Moreover, when the distance between the cue and the goal is increased, the spatial behavioural control revealed by a landmark weakens, as observed in studies in rats (Chamizo & Rodrigo, 2004), pigeons (Spetch & Wilkie, 1994), toads (Sotelo et al, 2020), and humans (Chamizo et al, 2011). However, less is known about the interaction (i.e., cue competition) between different spatial cues when contiguity is manipulated.…”