On the transformation textures influenced by deformation in electrical steels, high manganese steels and pure titanium sheets

Application of Transformation Treatment to Commercial Low-Grade Electrical Steels under Different Processing Conditions

“…The reasons lie in two folds. One is that the presence of Al, P elements in commercial steels leads to their surface oxidation at sheet surface or segregation besides oxidation of Si, thus preventing the early nucleation of ferrite grains at sheet surface and the relaxation of transformation strain as analyzed in [1,9,18]. The second is that they increase equilibrium transformation temperatures of A 1 , A 3 and expand two-phase temperature regions.…”

“…The C3 condition corresponds to a higher cooling rate where electricity power is shut down during cooling (roughly 10 min is needed to reach 900 • C from 1150 • C, whereas C1 and C2 routines need 50 min to cool from 1150 • C to 900 • C). The high heating temperature of 1150 • C is adopted to avoid a memory type of transformation texture at low heating temperature to obtain a surfaceeffect-induced transformation texture as summarized in [18]. The 1100 • C heating temperature by transformation treatment in the low-grade commercial electrical steel containing 0.35%Si is regarded as too low, leading to memory type of transformation texture [1].…”

“…We noticed in [18] that transformation texture can be either a memory-type texture which is similar to recrystallization texture when treated at low heating temperature, or a surface-effect-induced {100} texture at high heating temperature. For the low-grade steel [1] with 0.35%Si, 0.18%Al and 0.14%P, we selected the heating temperature of 1100 • C and mainly obtained the memory type of transformation texture due to the high equilibrium transformation temperature of A 3 = 1070 • C. In this study, we raised the heating temperature to 1150 • C for steels containing 1%Si (A 3 = 1050 • C) and 0.72%Si (A 3 = 995 • C).…”