On the usage of artificial neural networks in chlorine control applications for water distribution networks with high quality water

Abstract

Artificial neural network (ANN) methodology has found some recent applications as efficient control tools for satisfying free residual chlorine (FRC) levels at critical locations of water distribution systems. This particular research was started to critically investigate the potential and applicability of the ANN approach as a tool for controlling FRC levels for complex water distribution systems supplied by high quality waters with low chlorine demands. Konyaalti Water Distribution System, operated by Antalya Water and Wastewater Administration, Turkey, has been selected as a pilot. The selected system is complex in structure and supplied with raw water which has high quality and low decay rate of chlorine. The study has shown that ANN models with high predictive power and precision can be developed for such water distribution systems, and that these models can be utilized for forecasting purposes. The data for model building should be collected properly if the developed ANN models are to be utilized as control instruments for FRC levels within water distribution systems.

Energy and water quality management systems for water utility's operations: A review

“…Modeling water quality based on chlorine residuals and DBPs is not common practice due to monitoring constraints; water age is typically used as an indicator parameter of water quality and recommended as a key decision tool for water distribution system management [Kurek and Ostfeld, 2013]. Modeling water age is relatively simple, since its calibration does not require additional parameters apart from those required for hydraulic calibration [Murphy et al, 2007;Soyupak et al, 2011;Patki et al, 2013]. However, water age may not accurately reflect chlorine residual and DBP profiles if variability of chlorine decay rates exists in different segments of the distribution system, if multiple water sources are withdrawn and if waters of different ages are combined in tanks or pipe junctions [Murphy et al, 2007].…”

Real time monitoring and control in water distribution systems for improving operational efficiency

“…(2015) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] www.deswater.com doi: 10.1080/19443994.2015.1069224 may result in intermittent water supply which is an undesired condition for both water utilities and consumers. Occasionally, reported or unreported pipe breaks may occur underground and contaminants may enter through the leak points during pressure drops, maintenance, and/or repair of the breaks [1,2].…”

“…Groundwater and springs are the main drinking water resources of the City where about 250,000 m 3 of water are abstracted daily from these resources and distributed through the WDS after applying only chlorination. No further treatment is applied to the supplied water because it has high water quality except the relatively high hardness levels [9,[11][12][13]. Sodium hypochlorite solution (15%) is used for chlorination to maintain certain concentrations of residual chlorine all over the water distribution network [9,14].…”

Evaluation and Modeling of Residual Chlorine in Dangila Town Water Supply System

“…Even though there are several methods of disinfection in the world, developing countries like Ethiopia use chlorine to disinfect the water they use. According to chlorine is the most widely used disinfectant for the inactivation of waterborne pathogens in drinking water supplies and historically has questionably made the greatest contribution to the public health protection of consumers (Bolton and Cotton 2011); (Yee, Abdullah et al 2006); (Post, Atherholt et al 2011, Soyupak, Kilic et al 2011. Chlorination is a relatively simple and cost effective process which does not require extensive technical expertise and which is capable of dealing with supply systems of varying size by altering dosing systems or storage for chemical contact.…”