On the use of HF as a reference for the comparison of stratospheric observations and models

Chipperfield, Martyn P.; Burton, Mike; Bell, W.; Paton-Walsh, Clare; Blumenstock, T.; Coffey, M. T.; Hannigan, James W.; Mankin, William G.; Galle, Bo; Mellqvist, J.; Mahieu, Emmanuel; Zander, Rodolphe; Notholt, Justus; Sen, B.; Toon, G. C.

doi:10.1029/96jd03964

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The stratospheric lifetime of HF is more than ten years so that it can be treated as an inert tracer there (see also Chipperfield et al, 1997). As fluorine does not play an important role in stratospheric ozone depletion, there are no direct restrictions concerning its emission like the Montreal Protocol for chlorine and bromine, for example.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of HCl, ClONO2, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Trends of hydrogen chloride (HCl), chlorine nitrate (ClONO 2 ), and hydrogen fluoride (HF) total column abundances above Kiruna (Northern Sweden, 67.84 • N, 20.41 • E) derived from nearly 14 years (1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009) To calculate the long-term trends, a linear function combined with an annual cycle was fitted to the data using a least squares method. The precision of the resulting trends was estimated with the bootstrap resampling method.For HF, both model and measurements show a positive trend that seems to decrease in the last few years. This suggests a stabilisation of the HF total column abundance. Between 1996 and 2009, KASIMA simulates an increase of (+1.51±0.07) %/yr which exceeds the FTIR result of (+0.65±0.25) %/yr.The trends determined for HCl and ClONO 2 are significantly negative over the time period considered here. This is expected because the emission of their precursors (chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons) has been restricted in the Montreal Protocol in 1987 and its amendments and adjustments. The trend for ClONO 2 from the FTIR measurements amounts to (−3.28±0.56)%/yr and the one for HCl to (−0.81±0.23)%/yr. KASIMA simulates a weaker Correspondence to: R. Kohlhepp (regina.kohlhepp@kit.edu) decrease: For ClONO 2 , the result is (−0.90±0.10) %/yr and for HCl (−0.17±0.06) %/yr. Part of the difference between measurement and model data can be explained by sampling and the stronger annual cycle indicated by the measurements. There is a factor of about four between the trends of HCl and ClONO 2 above Kiruna for both measurement and model data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of HCl, ClONO2, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations

et al. 2011

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“…The AER global COClF distribution for 2004 is close to a prediction by one of us (R. Nassar) obtained by scaling and vertically shifting the 2-Dmodel prediction for 1989 [13]. Latitude-height COClF crosssections predicted for the month of December based on 1990 tropospheric source gas mixing ratios had a predicted peak mixing ratio of 0.11 ppbv in the tropical lower stratosphere [36] with tropospheric washout assumed, though details of the mechanism and pathway parameterization were not described.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 80%

Spectroscopic detection of COClF in the tropical and mid-latitude lower stratosphere

Rinsland

Nassar

Boone

et al. 2007

Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer

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We report retrievals of COClF (carbonyl chlorofluoride) based on atmospheric chemistry experiment (ACE) solar occultation spectra recorded at tropical and mid-latitudes during [2004][2005]. The COClF molecule is a temporary reservoir of both chlorine and fluorine and has not been measured previously by remote sensing. A maximum COClF mixing ratio of 99:7 AE 48:0 pptv (10 À12 per unit volume, 1 sigma) is measured at 28 km for tropical and subtropical occultations (latitudes below 20 in both hemispheres) with lower mixing ratios at both higher and lower altitudes. Northern hemisphere mid-latitude mixing ratios (30-501N) resulted in an average profile with a peak mixing ratio of 51:7 AE 32:1 pptv, 1 sigma, at 27 km, also decreasing above and below that altitude. We compare the measured average profiles with the one reported set of in situ lower stratospheric mid-latitude measurements from 1986 and 1987, a previous two-dimensional (2-D) model calculation for 1987 and 1993, and a 2-D-model prediction for 2004. The measured average tropical profile is in close agreement with the model prediction; the northern mid-latitude profile is also consistent, although the peak in the measured profile occurs at a higher altitude (2.5-4.5 km offset) than in the model prediction. Seasonal average 2-D-model predictions of the COClF stratospheric distribution for 2004 are also reported. r

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“…The first description of SLIMCAT appears in Chipperfield et al (1993). During the last years, the SLIMCAT runs have already been exploited to perform comparisons of fluorine species abundances with satellite and ground-based observations (Chipperfield et al, 1997). More recently, it has also been used to derive long-term trends of atmospheric compounds (Feng et al, 2007).…”

Section: Comparisons With Model Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

An approach to retrieve information on the carbonyl fluoride (COF2) vertical distributions above Jungfraujoch by FTIR multi-spectrum multi-window fitting

Duchatelet¹,

Mahieu²,

Ruhnke

et al. 2009

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. We present an original multi-spectrum fitting procedure to retrieve volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles of carbonyl fluoride (COF 2 ) from ground-based high resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar spectra. The multi-spectrum approach consists of simultaneously combining, during the retrievals, all spectra recorded consecutively during the same day and with the same resolution. Solar observations analyzed in this study with the SFIT-2 v3.91 fitting algorithm correspond to more than 2900 spectra recorded between January 2000 and December 2007 at high zenith angles, with a Fourier Transform Spectrometer operated at the high-altitude International Scientific Station of the Jungfraujoch (ISSJ, 46.5 • N latitude, 8.0 • E longitude, 3580 m altitude), Switzerland. The goal of the retrieval strategy described here is to provide information about the vertical distribution of carbonyl fluoride. The microwindows used are located in the ν 1 or in the ν 4 COF 2 infrared (IR) absorption bands. Averaging kernel and eigenvector analysis indicates that our FTIR retrieval is sensitive to COF 2 inversion between 17 and 30 km, with the major contribution to the retrieved information always coming from the measurement. Moreover, there was no significant bias between COF 2 partial columns, total columns or VMR profiles retrieved from the two bands. For each wavenumber region, a complete error budget including all identified sources has Correspondence to: P. Duchatelet (p.duchatelet@ulg.ac.be) been carefully established. In addition, comparisons of FTIR COF 2 17-30 km partial columns with KASIMA and SLIM-CAT 3-D CTMs are also presented. If we do not notice any significant bias between FTIR and SLIMCAT time series, KASIMA COF 2 17-30 km partial columns are lower of around 25%, probably due to incorrect lower boundary conditions. For each times series, linear trend estimation for the 2000-2007 time period as well as a seasonal variation study are also performed and critically discussed. For FTIR and KASIMA time series, very low COF 2 growth rates (0.4±0.2%/year and 0.3±0.2%/year, respectively) have been derived. However, the SLIMCAT data set gives a slight negative trend (−0.5±0.2%/year), probably ascribable to discontinuities in the meteorological data used by this model. We further demonstrate that all time series are able to reproduce the COF 2 seasonal cycle, which main seasonal characteristics deduced from each data set agree quite well.

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On the use of HF as a reference for the comparison of stratospheric observations and models

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

Trends of HCl, ClONO<sub>2</sub>, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations

Trends of HCl, ClONO<sub>2</sub>, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations

Spectroscopic detection of COClF in the tropical and mid-latitude lower stratosphere

An approach to retrieve information on the carbonyl fluoride (COF<sub>2</sub>) vertical distributions above Jungfraujoch by FTIR multi-spectrum multi-window fitting

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On the use of HF as a reference for the comparison of stratospheric observations and models

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

Trends of HCl, ClONO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations

Trends of HCl, ClONO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations

Spectroscopic detection of COClF in the tropical and mid-latitude lower stratosphere

An approach to retrieve information on the carbonyl fluoride (COF&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) vertical distributions above Jungfraujoch by FTIR multi-spectrum multi-window fitting

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Trends of HCl, ClONO<sub>2</sub>, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations

Trends of HCl, ClONO<sub>2</sub>, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations

An approach to retrieve information on the carbonyl fluoride (COF<sub>2</sub>) vertical distributions above Jungfraujoch by FTIR multi-spectrum multi-window fitting