On the use of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy to characterize the naturally existing crystal in Pakistan and its optical emission spectrum

Iqbal, Javed; Mahmood, S.; Tufail, Iram; Asghar, Haroon; Ahmed, Rizwan; Baig, M. A.

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2015.07.004

Cited by 38 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This value is close to that determined from the tin lines. These observations are in line with the assertion that the deduced number densities are compatible if determined from the hydrogen Hα line and that of the ionized or neutral atomic lines [30,31]. Aragon and Aguilera [30] deduced the electron densities from the Stark broadened lines of hydrogen Hα at 656.28 nm (1.18 × 10 17 cm −3 ), the Fe I line at 538.34 nm (0.88 × 10 17 cm −3 ), and Si II line at 505.60 nm (1.23 × 10 17 cm −3 ) and inferred that these values are compatible.…”

Section: Determination Of Electron Number Densitysupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Aragon and Aguilera [30] deduced the electron densities from the Stark broadened lines of hydrogen Hα at 656.28 nm (1.18 × 10 17 cm −3 ), the Fe I line at 538.34 nm (0.88 × 10 17 cm −3 ), and Si II line at 505.60 nm (1.23 × 10 17 cm −3 ) and inferred that these values are compatible. In our earlier paper, Iqbal el al [31], we also determined the electron number density from the hydrogen Hα line that was close to that determined from the silicon lines.…”

Section: Determination Of Electron Number Densitysupporting

confidence: 61%

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Spatial diagnostics of the laser-produced tin plasma in air

et al. 2016

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We present here new experimental studies on the laser-produced tin plasma generated by focusing the beam of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) on the sample in air at atmospheric pressure. The optical emission spectra were recorded with a set of five spectrometers covering the spectral range from 200-720 nm. The electron temperature has been calculated to be about (10 600 ± 600) K using three methods; the two-line ratio, Boltzmann plot and the Saha-Boltzmann plot method, whereas the electron number density of about (9.0 ± 0.8) × 10 16 cm −3 has been calculated using the Stark broadened line profiles of tin lines and the hydrogen Hα-line. Furthermore, the branching fractions have been deduced for 15 spectral lines of the 5p5d → 5p 2 transition array in tin, whereas the absolute values of the transition probabilities have been calculated by combining the experimental branching fractions with the lifetimes of the excited levels. Our measured values are compared with those reported in the literature and NIST data base, showing good agreement.

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Section: Determination Of Electron Number Densitysupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Determination Of Electron Number Densitysupporting

confidence: 61%

Spatial diagnostics of the laser-produced tin plasma in air

et al. 2016

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“…To describe the laser-induced-plasma, certain conditions including optically thin plasma and LTE must be fulfilled. McWhirter proposed a criterion to validate LTE condition in plasma which is established on the presence of a critical-electron number density

such that electronic collisions dominate the radiative-processes [ 21 , 50 ].

Where ΔE ki and T e are the excitation temperature and the energy difference between the states ( k→i ), respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LIBS assisted PCA analysis of multiple rare-earth elements (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, and Yb) in phosphorite deposits

Fayyaz

Asghar

Alshehri

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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“…The schematics of the LIBS-setup employed for the qualitative and quantitative study of Devarda's alloy is illustrated in figure 1 [31][32][33]. The radiation of a Q-switched-Nd:YAG pulsed laser source having an optical wavelength of 532 nm of the second harmonic with 5 ns pulse interval and 10 Hz pulse repetition frequency, was employed for the ablation of sample to generate plasma.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental study of Devarda’s alloy using calibration free-laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF‒LIBS)

Iqbal¹,

Alrabdi²,

Fayyaz³

et al. 2023

Laser Phys.

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In the present study, we present the compositional analysis of a Devarda’s alloy using the calibration–free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) technique. A nanosecond pulsed Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was focused on the target-sample under investigation to ablate its surface and the measured emission spectrum was registered by using a spectrometer (LIBS2000+) having the optical spectral within a range from 200–720 nm. The analysis of the measured optical spectra confirms the presence of three major elements Aluminum (Al), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn) in the target sample. The emission intensity line profiles of Zn, Cu, and Al were utilized to estimate the plasma-parameters consisting of excitation temperature, and the plasma number density. The plasma excitation temperature was investigated using the Boltzmann-plot technique, which yields the temperature for Cu and Zn as 8547 ± 5% K and 8100 ± 5%, respectively, while the electron plasma density was calculated from the Stark-broadening of individual neutral emission lines of Al, Cu, and Zn. For the quantitative analysis of the elements that exist in the target sample, a CF-LIBS technique was employed by assuming the condition of optically thin plasma as well as local thermodynamics equilibrium. Using the CF-LIBS technique, the relative composition in the form of weight percentage was estimated to be Zn: 57%, Al: 39%, and Cu: 4%, whereas, the certified concentration of Devarda’s alloy was 50% for Zn, 45% for Al, and 5% for Cu. These measured results reveal that the elemental concentration utilizing CF-LIBS shows a reasonable agreement with standard estimates illustrated by the manufacturer. This study further suggests that the CF-LIBS technique opens up an opportunity for engineering and industrial usage of LIBS where a quantifiable study of the substance is exceedingly advantageous.

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On the use of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy to characterize the naturally existing crystal in Pakistan and its optical emission spectrum

Cited by 38 publications

References 32 publications

Spatial diagnostics of the laser-produced tin plasma in air

Spatial diagnostics of the laser-produced tin plasma in air

LIBS assisted PCA analysis of multiple rare-earth elements (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, and Yb) in phosphorite deposits

Elemental study of Devarda’s alloy using calibration free-laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF‒LIBS)

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