On the use of the line-to-continuum intensity ratio for determining the electron temperature in a high-pressure argon surface-microwave discharge

Sola, A; Calzada, M. D.; Gamero, A

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/28/6/012

Cited by 72 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…96 With regard to the articles cited, they can be divided into broad categories dealing with population distributions and deviations from equilibrium, [97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110] classification of diagnostic methods, 111,112 local and space-integrated intensity definitions, 113,114 ion-toneutral ratios and their diagnostic relevance, [115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125] line-to-continuum ratios, [126][127][128][129][130][131] scattering methods, [132][133][134][135] evaluation of electron number density and plasma temperature, including Stark broadening of H-lines, Stark broadening of non-hydrogenic transitions, influence of the instrumental profile, [199][200][201][202][203][204] calibration of...…”

Section: Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium Theoretical Equilibrium Expmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Part I: Review of Basic Diagnostics and Plasma—Particle Interactions: Still-Challenging Issues within the Analytical Plasma Community

2010

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has become a very popular analytical method in the last decade in view of some of its unique features such as applicability to any type of sample, practically no sample preparation, remote sensing capability, and speed of analysis. The technique has a remarkably wide applicability in many fields, and the number of applications is still growing. From an analytical point of view, the quantitative aspects of LIBS may be considered its Achilles' heel, first due to the complex nature of the laser–sample interaction processes, which depend upon both the laser characteristics and the sample material properties, and second due to the plasma–particle interaction processes, which are space and time dependent. Together, these may cause undesirable matrix effects. Ways of alleviating these problems rely upon the description of the plasma excitation-ionization processes through the use of classical equilibrium relations and therefore on the assumption that the laser-induced plasma is in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). Even in this case, the transient nature of the plasma and its spatial inhomogeneity need to be considered and overcome in order to justify the theoretical assumptions made. This first article focuses on the basic diagnostics aspects and presents a review of the past and recent LIBS literature pertinent to this topic. Previous research on non-laser-based plasma literature, and the resulting knowledge, is also emphasized. The aim is, on one hand, to make the readers aware of such knowledge and on the other hand to trigger the interest of the LIBS community, as well as the larger analytical plasma community, in attempting some diagnostic approaches that have not yet been fully exploited in LIBS.

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Section: Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium Theoretical Equilibrium Expmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Part I: Review of Basic Diagnostics and Plasma—Particle Interactions: Still-Challenging Issues within the Analytical Plasma Community

2010

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“…In addition, T exc generally lies between the gas temperature and the electron temperature and shows the same tendency as the electron temperature. 12,13 On the other hand, the gas temperature ͑T gas ͒ was determined by measuring the rotational temperature ͑T rot ͒, which was measured by analyzing the diatomic molecular spectra, since the frequent collisions between heavy particles can equilibrate T gas and T rot in atmospheric pressure plasmas. 14 As the plasma was produced in ambient air, OH molecular lines ͑A 2 ⌺ + , =0→ X 2 ⌸, Ј= 0, 306-310 nm͒ were observed in the emission spectrum due to the water molecules in the air and impurities in the Ar feed gas.…”

Section: A Spatial Measurements Of Plasma Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric study of atmospheric pressure microwave-induced Ar∕O2 plasmas and the ambient air effect on the plasma

Moon

Choe

2006

Physics of Plasmas

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A torch type microwave-induced afterglow plasma was produced at atmospheric pressure using an open-ended fused silica concentric double tube assisted by Ar and O 2 supply gases. The plasma emerged from the end of the discharge tube and was exposed to ambient air. A parametric study of the plasma characteristics was performed by measuring the temperature, density, and plasma volume as the operational parameters such as microwave power, gas flow rate, and its composition were varied. The excitation temperature ͑T exc ͒ obtained from the Ar I emission spectrum ranged from 3010 to 4350 K and the rotational temperature ͑T rot ͒ measured from the OH and O 2 diatomic molecular spectra ranged from 2250 to 3550 K. The electron density ͑n e ͒ from the H ␤ Stark broadening width at the plasma core was in the range of 6.6 to 7.6ϫ 10 14 cm −3 . The two-dimensional distribution of T exc and T rot was also obtained. Experiments while varying the Ar and O 2 gas flow rate and the O 2 / Ar ratio showed that n e was reduced but T exc was increased as the O 2 flow rate was increased. Using an additional dielectric tube for shielding the plasma from the ambient air demonstrated a significantly enlarged plasma length and lower T rot due to the nitrogen entrainment, as compared to the unshielded case.

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“…(11). The electron temperature values were obtained from the relative intensities of the ArI 430 nm line compared to the neighboring continuum (12). This line was well isolated and had a strong continuum background.…”

Section: Plasma Parameter Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Speed Hydrophilic Treatment of Polyimide Surfaces using an Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Oxygen-Argon Plasma

Ono

2016

Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies

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Abstract:Polyimides were treated to generate hydrophilic surfaces using an atmospheric pressure O 2 -Ar mixed gas plasma. Treatments were carried out in the upstream region of the plasma with the aim of achieving high speed processing without altering the characteristic properties of samples due to high temperatures. Various parameters of the generated plasma were assessed to better understand the processing environment. Using these plasma parameters, the axial variations of constituent species in the plasma were calculated so as to determine the optimum sample position. Moreover, the absolute value of the oxygen atom number density, which is thought to play an important role in the surface treatment, was measured using a heated platinum catalytic probe. Experimental results were used to determine the relationship between the water contact angle on treated surfaces and the oxygen atom fluence and the data were in good agreement with the hydrophilic characteristics obtained during our previous research using surface wave plasma. The effect of oxygen atoms during hydrophilic treatment using an atmospheric pressure microwave-excited plasma source was thus elucidated and high speed surface treatment was demonstrated.

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On the use of the line-to-continuum intensity ratio for determining the electron temperature in a high-pressure argon surface-microwave discharge

Cited by 72 publications

References 18 publications

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Part I: Review of Basic Diagnostics and Plasma—Particle Interactions: Still-Challenging Issues within the Analytical Plasma Community

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Part I: Review of Basic Diagnostics and Plasma—Particle Interactions: Still-Challenging Issues within the Analytical Plasma Community

Parametric study of atmospheric pressure microwave-induced Ar∕O2 plasmas and the ambient air effect on the plasma

High Speed Hydrophilic Treatment of Polyimide Surfaces using an Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Oxygen-Argon Plasma

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