This article argues that the idea of the geographical canon has continuing value, although its constitution and scope need to be rethought. The argument draws on three sources of inspiration. One is the work of Quentin Skinner, who offered a critique of the idea of the canon of political thought before subsequently going on to act as the co-editor of a series of Texts in the History of Political Thought. The second is the method of genealogy, developed by Michel Foucault. Drawing on both the methodological writings of Foucault and their interpretation by Stuart Elden, I argue that the substance of a genealogy of geographical thought should not be confined to the work of geographers.The third inspiration for this article is the idea of anamnesis, introduced by the philosopher of science Isabelle Stengers in her study of the history of the physical sciences, Cosmopolitics. The practice of anamnesis, I argue, invites us to re-read texts that should continue to animate our thinking in the present.
2In an essay on "Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas' first published in 1969, the historian Quentin Skinner launched a sustained and influential attack against the idea of the canon in political thought. The notion of a canon, Skinner contended, implied that there were a number of 'classic texts' that contained 'dateless wisdom' and 'universal ideas.' Moreover, belief in the value of the canon had rested, he suggested, on a series of questionable pre-judgements 'about the defining characteristics of the discipline to which the writer is supposed to have contributed.' 1 In opposition to what he termed the 'mythology' of the canon, Skinner's counter-proposition was straightforward.Drawing inspiration from the historical method proposed by RG Collingwood and the philosophy of the later Wittgenstein and JL Austin, he urged historians of political thought to focus on the meaning and use that texts had at the time they were written.Rather than read classic texts in terms of their relation to so-called 'canonical doctrines', Skinner argued that texts should be read in relation to the specific questions and problems with which their authors and readers were concerned. 2 In this light, the historian's dissatisfaction with what he took to be the then dominant approach to the interpretation of, for example, Descartes' Meditations 'stems from the fact that it leaves us without any sense of the specific question to which Descartes may have intended his doctrine of certainty as a solution.' 3 As Collingwood had argued, 'thinking is never done in vacuo: it is always done by a determinate person in a determinate situation.' 4 I begin by referring to Skinner's essay for two reasons. One is to recall that recent discussions about the value of a geographical canon come in the wake of a series of critiques of canonical thinking in other fields, including political theory. 5 In this context, Skinner's intervention was but one of a series of critical accounts of the notion of the canon spread across the social sciences an...