On the utilization of coal samples in direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell technology

Dudek, Magdalena

doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2014.09.034

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The type of electrolyte determines both configuration of the device and operating temperature. There are four basic types of electrolytes: molten carbonates, [11][12][13][14] solid oxide ceramics (mostly Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia), [15][16][17] water solutions of hydroxides, 18,19 and molten hydroxides. 2,[20][21][22] Since recently, cells which combine two electrolytes (molten carbonate and solid oxide), so-called hybrid DCFCs, have also been developed.…”

Section: Types Of Direct Carbon Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxide electrolyte direct carbon fuel cells—Technology review

Kacprzak

2018

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Among numerous modern high‐performance energy technologies that allow for conversion of chemical energy into electricity and heat, the most interesting are direct carbon fuel cells (DCFCs). They are the only ones among all types of fuel cells that allow for a direct conversion of chemical energy stored in the solid fuel (carbon) into electricity. Furthermore, they are characterized by high performance, which is not limited due to the Carnot's rule, low emissions of such substances as SO2, NOx, fly ashes and others, and a relatively simple design since there are no moving components. Nowadays, DCFCs have been developed all over the world. These cells differ first and foremost in the electrolyte they use. The type of electrolyte determines both configuration of the device and operating temperature. The paper discusses current state of knowledge concerning DCFC technology with alkaline (hydroxide) electrolyte and presents the results of research and development studies concerning such cells all over the world. Furthermore, main factors and parameters that impact on the operation of individual cells and potential challenges that have to be overcome in order to develop these technologies were characterized and discussed.

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Section: Types Of Direct Carbon Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxide electrolyte direct carbon fuel cells—Technology review

Kacprzak

2018

Int J Energy Res

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“…The other major areas requiring effort to improve the DCFC performance and take the technology to commercialization stage are: development of anode materials that can extend TPBs to increase solid fuel reactive sites for example the use of mixed ion conductors or partly utilize gaseous by-products of solid carbon fuel [51]; investigations on carbon fuel characteristics and required level of fuel processing that maximizes its reactivity at the fuel/electrode or electrode/electrolyte interface and reduce anode degradation and prolong fuel cell life [52]; development of electrode supported cell designs preferably cathode supported to minimize the electrolyte and anode thickness to reduce resistive losses across electrolyte and enhance fuel transport/diffusion through anode [53]; and development of cell materials for low temperature operation to minimize materials degradation issues [54]. General programs looking generically at 'performance' or 'degradation' across the whole field, rather than focusing on one or two specific system concepts, are unlikely to result in the driving of this technology towards a commercial product.…”

Section: R E T R a C T E D R E T R A C T E D R E T R A C T E D R E T mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Challenges in the Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Technology

Chen

Gao

Long

et al. 2015

ILCPA

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Fuel cells are under development for a range of applications for transport, stationary and portable power appliances. Fuel cell technology has advanced to the stage where commercial field trials for both transport and stationary applications are in progress. Direct Carbon Fuel Cells (DCFC) utilize solid carbon as the fuel and have historically attracted less investment than other types of gas or liquid fed fuel cells. However, volatility in gas and oil commodity prices and the increasing concern about the environmental impact of burning heavy fossil fuels for power generation has led to DCFCs gaining more attention within the global study community. A DCFC converts the chemical energy in solid carbon directly into electricity through its direct electrochemical oxidation. The fuel utilization can be almost 100% as the fuel feed and product gases are distinct phases and thus can be easily separated. This is not the case with other fuel cell types for which the fuel utilization within the cell is typically limited to below 85%. The theoretical efficiency is also high, around 100%. The combination of these two factors, lead to the projected electric efficiency of DCFC approaching 80% -approximately twice the efficiency of current generation coal fired power plants, thus leading to a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The amount of CO 2 for storage/sequestration is also halved. Moreover, the exit gas is an almost pure CO 2 stream, requiring little or no gas separation before compression for sequestration. Therefore, the energy and cost penalties to capture the CO 2 will also be significantly less than for other technologies. Furthermore, a variety of abundant fuels such as coal, coke, tar, biomass and organic waste can be used. Despite these advantages, the technology is at an early stage of development requiring solutions to many complex challenges related to materials degradation, fuel delivery, reaction kinetics, stack fabrication and system design, before it can be considered for commercialization. This paper, following a brief introduction to other fuel cells, reviews in detail the current status of the direct carbon fuel cell technology, recent progress, technical challenges and discusses the future of the technology.

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“…Recently, the feasibility of coal as fuel for DC‐SOFCs has attracted more and more attentions . The peak power density (PPD) of 89 mW cm −2 at 800°C was observed for the char of brown coal in DC‐SOFCs .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An SOFC using ash‐free coal prepared by thermal extraction achieved a power density of 170 mW cm −2 at 900°C, which provides a distinctly more durable operation than that of raw coal . After a nitric acid demineralization of coal fuels, the PPD of an SOFC was improved from 90 to 120 mW cm −2 at 850°C …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purified high‐sulfur coal as a fuel for direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells

Jiao

Xue

et al. 2018

Int J Energy Res

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Summary The use of low‐rank coal in a clean and efficient manner is a major challenge facing the current coal technology. A high‐sulfur coal with 4.5 wt% sulfur is chosen to examine the compatibility of the pristine coal and the purified contrast with a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with nickel cermet anodes. Desulfurization of the pristine coal is performed by molten caustic leaching method with a removal ratio of 80%. Analyses of the physicochemical properties of coal samples indicate that the purified coal has a more favorable structure and higher Boudouard reactivity, which is suitable as a fuel for fuel cells. The assessment of electrochemical performance reveals that the purification treatment not only makes the peak power density of SOFCs improve from 115 to 221 mW cm−2 at 900°C but also extends their durability from 1.7 to 11.2 hours under a current density of 50 mA cm−2 at 850°C with a fuel availability increasing from 6.25% to 40%. The postmortem analyses show that far less deposited carbon and nickel sulfide are observed on the anode surface. The fuel‐based investigation reveals that the purified coal is a promising fuel for direct carbon fuel cells.

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On the utilization of coal samples in direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell technology

Cited by 33 publications

References 29 publications

Hydroxide electrolyte direct carbon fuel cells—Technology review

Hydroxide electrolyte direct carbon fuel cells—Technology review

Progress and Challenges in the Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Technology

Purified high‐sulfur coal as a fuel for direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells

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