On the Validity of the Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT)

Khatib, Mohammad; Hosseinpur, Rasoul Mohammad

doi:10.4304/jltr.2.3.640-648

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Considering that the GEFT test highlights cognitive differences along a continuum scale, the use of a cut-off score might not classify correctly individuals that fall in between the two end points (e.g., Field-mixed (Angeli et al, 2009)). However, it is important to stress that the distribution of users' scores on the GEFT test in our sample is comparably similar to general public GEFT test scores as shown in several studies with individuals with different demographics (Khatib and Hosseinpur, 2011;Rittschof, 2010). Finally, the guessability of the passwords was measured using an exhaustive key search.…”

Section: Study Validitymentioning

confidence: 57%

“…To classify the participants as either FD or FI we used the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) by Oltman et al (1971), which is the original classification FD-I tool. GEFT is a credible and validated time-administered instrument (Khatib and Hosseinpur, 2011), which measures the ability of an individual to identify a simple figure within a complex background. The test consists of three sections.…”

Section: Geftmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the study external validity (i.e., to what extent an effect can be generalized), our participants' age-span was limited, ranging from 18 to 47. However, the fact that the ages were normally distributed and that the GEFT scores are comparably similar to general public across populations with varying demographics (Angeli et al, 2009;Hong et al, 2012;Khatib and Hosseinpur, 2011) contribute to the study generalizability. The participation of older subjects is required and will be considered in our future research attempts, to increase the external validity of the study.…”

Section: Study Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Human-Cognitive Perspective of Users’ Password Choices in Recognition-Based Graphical Authentication

Katsini

Fidas

Belk

et al. 2019

International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction

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Graphical password composition is an important part of graphical user authentication which affects the strength of the chosen password. Considering that graphical authentication is associated with visual search, perception, and information retrieval, in this paper, we report on an eye-tracking study (N=109) that aimed to investigate the effects of users' cognitive styles towards the strength of the created passwords and shed light into whether and how the visual strategy of the users during graphical password composition is associated with the passwords' strength. For doing so, we adopted Witkin's Field Dependence-Independence theory, which underpins individual differences in visual information and cognitive processing, as graphical password composition tasks are associated with visual search. The analysis revealed that users with different cognitive processing characteristics followed different patterns of visual behavior during password composition which affected the strength of the created passwords. The findings underpin the need of considering human cognitive characteristics as a design factor in graphical password schemes. The paper concludes by discussing implications for improving recognition-based graphical passwords through adaptation and personalization techniques based on individual cognitive characteristics.

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Section: Study Validitymentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Geftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Human-Cognitive Perspective of Users’ Password Choices in Recognition-Based Graphical Authentication

Katsini

Fidas

Belk

et al. 2019

International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The aim of the test was to obtain data on students experiencing misconceptions [4]. 2Cognitive style tests that using GEFT was carried out [30], [32]to determine the type of congressional style of research subjects based on CRI tests that were distinguished based on cognitive style. (3) After finding the research subject that experienced misconceptions based on the clasification of the positive force, then the limit concept understanding test would be performed in the form of an essay test (as example in Figure 1).…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into First-Year College Students' Misconceptions about Limit Concept: A Case Study Based on Cognitive Style

Kamid¹,

Anwar²,

Syaiful³

et al. 2020

ujer

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The cognitive style has an important role in determining the characteristics of students on the conceptualizat ion. One o f the two types of cognitive styles are field independent (FI) and field dependent (FD). The purpose of this study was to identify the fo rm of conceptual misconceptions about limit and their causes. This type of research is a case study. The data was obtained through interviews based on the conceptual problem-solving tasks. Correspondents used in this study were fro m first-year college students (95 people) who were studied at Universitas Jambi. The results showed that (1) FI forms of students' misconceptions, namely: misconceptions about interpreting the concept of function limit and function conditions which have limits, such as: left limit and right limit. This problem occurred due to incomp lete reasoning and wrong intuition. The other result of this research was to obtain (2) FD forms of students' misconception, namely, (a) misconceptions about prerequisite material: drawing graphs of functions, misconceptions about determining the domain of a function, misconceptions about definit ions and forms of function notations, misconceptions about determining function values on function graphs (b) misconceptions about the concept of limits: misconceptions about interpreting the concept of limits in a function, the function requirements (left limit, right limit) and misconceptions about understanding the meaning which is close to the limit function (limit-x) approaching infinity.

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“…Kognitívna schopnosť naopak predstavuje určitú vlastnosť, ktorej vyššia miera je považovaná za výhodu (napr. inteligencia; Khatip & Hosseinpur, 2011 (Miyake et. al, 2001;Rittschof, 2010).…”

Section: Kritika Závislosti a Nezávislosti Na Poli Ako Kognitívneho šunclassified

(Ne)závislosť na poli: kognitívny štýl či schopnosť?

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On the Validity of the Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT)

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

A Human-Cognitive Perspective of Users’ Password Choices in Recognition-Based Graphical Authentication

A Human-Cognitive Perspective of Users’ Password Choices in Recognition-Based Graphical Authentication

Investigation into First-Year College Students' Misconceptions about Limit Concept: A Case Study Based on Cognitive Style

(Ne)závislosť na poli: kognitívny štýl či schopnosť?

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