On the verge of a chronic disease epidemic: comprehensive policies and actions are needed in Indonesia

Kusuma, Dian; Kusumawardani, Nunik; Ahsan, Abdillah; Sebayang, Susy Katikana; Amir, Vilda; Ng, Nawi

doi:10.1093/inthealth/ihz025

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Secondly, comprehensive policies to promote a healthy diet is needed to help reduce obesity, hypertension, and diabetes in urban, wealthier, and most educated districts. Strategies may include taxes on unhealthy foods, subsidies on healthy foods, and regulations on salt, sugar and trans-fat [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographic and socioeconomic disparity in cardiovascular risk factors in Indonesia: analysis of the Basic Health Research 2018

et al. 2020

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Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) accounted for over 17 million deaths and 353 million disabilityadjusted life years lost in 2016. The risk factors are also high and increasing with high blood pressure, smoking, and high body mass index contributed to up to 212 million disability-adjusted life years in 2016. To help reduce the burden, it is crucial to understand the geographic and socioeconomic disparities in CVD risk factors. Methods: Employing both geospatial and quantitative analyses, we analyzed the disparities in the prevalence of smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes in Indonesia. CVD data was from Riskesdas 2018, and socioeconomic data was from the World Bank. Results: Our findings show a very high prevalence of CVD risk factors with the prevalence of smoking, physical activity, obesity, hypertension ranged from 28 to 33%. Results also show the geographic disparity in CVD risk factors in all five Indonesian regions. Moreover, results show socioeconomic disparity with the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are higher among urban and the richest and most educated districts while that physical inactivity and smoking is higher among rural and the least educated districts. Conclusion: The CVD burden is high and increasing in particularly among urban areas and districts with higher income and education levels. While the government needs to continue tackling the persistent burden from maternal mortality and infectious diseases, they need to put more effort into the prevention and control of CVDs and their risk factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like many low and middle-income countries (LMICs), the burden of CVDs and risk factors is high and increasing in Indonesia, a lower-middle-income country [4]. The Global Burden of Disease study shows that stroke and ischemic heart disease are the top causes of deaths and disability in 2017 [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic and socioeconomic disparity in cardiovascular risk factors in Indonesia: analysis of the Basic Health Research 2018

et al. 2020

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“…For those living with a chronic disease, it has a significant impact on functioning, quality of life, and well-being, while for society, it has implications for productivity and healthcare costs. Although prevention and health promotion initiatives are needed to curb the rising rates of chronic disease, there is also a need to improve healthcare and services in order to better support those already affected by an illness [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Care Experiences of Adults with Chronic Disease in Indonesia: An Integrative Review

Lukman

Leibing

Merry

2020

International Journal of Chronic Diseases

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We conducted a literature review to document what is known regarding the self-care experiences and various influencing factors among adults living with chronic disease in Indonesia, from the perspective of those living with the illness. We searched CINAHL and Google Scholar to identify peer-reviewed research focused on men and/or women living with a chronic disease (the most prevalent) in urban or rural settings in Indonesia. Using a “Self-Care of Chronic Illness” framework as a guide, information on self-care experiences and how various factors influence these experiences, was extracted and synthesized. Nine studies were included (3 quantitative; 6 qualitative). Self-care involves maintaining well-being through different strategies (e.g., foot hygiene, seeking information/care, praying, diet, resting, and simplifying life), following prescribed treatments, and using traditional remedies. Religion sometimes serves as a means for taking care of one’s health (e.g., prayer), or as a source of motivation to self-care, while in other instances, it results in a fatalistic attitude. Which treatments (conventional versus traditional) are sought, it is affected by an understanding of the disease and treatments, which is shaped by beliefs, values, emotions, health literacy, and SES. The literature shows that family, especially women, has a key role in providing support. Community organizations also play an important supportive role, particularly for patients in rural areas. Significant barriers to healthcare include costs and care not being well-adapted to the psychosocial needs and contexts of patients. The literature highlights a disconnection between the self-care experiences and how healthcare and support are delivered. To better support self-care, healthcare professionals should use a personalized approach; however, more research is needed to gain a better understanding of what patients want and expect regarding how religion, beliefs, life circumstances, and the use of alternative therapies should be addressed within the patient-professional dynamic.

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“…The Indonesian Global Burden of Disease study showed ischemic heart disease and stroke as the top two leading causes of death and disability in 2016 [3]. Despite all this, the national tobacco control programs are very limited in Indonesia, partly due to not yet ratifying the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of tobacco import and tobacco control in five countries: lessons learned for Indonesia

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Background: With a 264 million population and the second highest male smoking prevalence in the world, Indonesia hosted over 60 million smokers in 2018. However, the government still has not ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. In the meantime, tobacco import increases rapidly in Indonesia. These create a double, public health and economic burden for Indonesia's welfare. Objective: Our study analyzed the trend of tobacco import in five countries: Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique. Also, we analyze the tobacco control policies implemented in these countries and determine some lessons learn for Indonesia. Methods: We conducted quantitative analyses on tobacco production, consumption, export, and import during 1990-2016 in the five countries. Data were analyzed using simple ordinary least square regressions, correcting for time series autocorrelation. We also conducted a desk review on the tobacco control policies implemented in the five countries. Results: While local production decreased by almost 20% during 1990-2016, the proportion of tobacco imports out of domestic production quadrupled from 17 to 65%. Similarly, the ratio of tobacco imports to exports reversed from 0.7 (i.e., exports were higher) to 2.9 (i.e., import were 2.9 times higher than export) in 1990 and 2016, respectively. This condition is quite different from the other four respective countries in the observation where their tobacco export is higher than the import. From the tobacco control point of view, the four other countries have ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). Conclusion: The situation is unlikely for Indonesia to either reduce tobacco consumption or improve the local tobacco farmer's welfare, considering that the number of imports continued to increase. Emulating from the four countries, Indonesia must ratify the FCTC and implement stricter tobacco control policies to decrease tobacco consumption and import.

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On the verge of a chronic disease epidemic: comprehensive policies and actions are needed in Indonesia

Cited by 29 publications

References 7 publications

Geographic and socioeconomic disparity in cardiovascular risk factors in Indonesia: analysis of the Basic Health Research 2018

Geographic and socioeconomic disparity in cardiovascular risk factors in Indonesia: analysis of the Basic Health Research 2018

Self-Care Experiences of Adults with Chronic Disease in Indonesia: An Integrative Review

Comparison of tobacco import and tobacco control in five countries: lessons learned for Indonesia

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