On the Verge of an Alliance: Contemporary China-Russia Military Cooperation

Korolev, Alexander

doi:10.1080/14799855.2018.1463991

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…36 Thus, a unique opportunity for China and Russia to move toward “soft balancing” and forge a common front against US criticism remains ignored, in spite of their alleged aspirations to contest any tendency toward unipolarity and the predominance of the “historical West” which is the opposite of a “more just and democratic polycentric world order” (Foreign Minister Lavrov, 2017). 37 The absence of a coordinated stance or respective joint initiatives calls into question some of the existing ideas on the Sino-Russian relationship as an “alliance in the making” or an actual alliance [ 2 , 41 , 52 ], as well as the argument that US unilateralism could transform (Sino-Russian) soft balancing by “hardening” the Sino-Russian relationship into a formal alliance, eventually leading to hard balancing [ 61 ]. Thus, assumptions that Western pressure should deepen the Sino-Russian partnership are proven wrong, thereby indicating that the Sino-Russian relationship continues to not be one of a mere reaction to the USA’s power and policies [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 The comprehensive strategic partnership (of coordination for a new era) has also been recognized as indicative of their shared worldviews, which often stand in opposition to Western values and norms [ 50 ]. Moreover, the good interpersonal relationship between presidents Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping, nowadays considered to be “warmer than ever” [ 7 , 46 ] or “the best ever” [ 44 ], has allowed several analysts to advance the argument that the Sino-Russian relationship is an alliance in the making [ 2 , 41 ].…”

Section: The Sino-russian Relationship: a Strategic Partnership Undermentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Friend in Need? The Sino-Russian Relationship Under the Coronavirus Crisis in Twitter: a Russian Perspective

Papageorgiou

Vieira

2021

East Asia

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The paper focuses on the COVID-19 as a stress test to the Sino-Russian strategic partnership: has it driven Russia and China closer together, farther apart, or made no difference? Employing content analysis of official Russian discourse as expressed by the Kremlin, the Government, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), both via their official web pages (104 online publications) and Twitter accounts (260 tweets), this study focuses on the Russian twiplomacy as a more suitable mean to reflect the real-time changes of an evolving crisis. The analysis demonstrates that the Sino-Russian relationship extends beyond the “axis of convenience.” It does not, however, correspond to the support expected from a consolidated (comprehensive) strategic partnership, nor does it achieve the intensity of soft balancing (vis-à-vis the USA) in a particularly polarized and politicized international context.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Sino-russian Relationship: a Strategic Partnership Undermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Friend in Need? The Sino-Russian Relationship Under the Coronavirus Crisis in Twitter: a Russian Perspective

Papageorgiou

Vieira

2021

East Asia

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“…Washington could perceive greater trade-offs between its commitments to Europe and those to East Asia. It will have less wherewithal in managing threats from both China and Russia, especially if they increasingly coordinate with one another (Korolev, 2019). A Sino-Russian bloc could relieve economic pressure on the Kremlin and help it reduce Washington's freedom of maneuver in Eurasia (Rolland, 2019, pp.…”

Section: Polish Security In a Changing International Ordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Poland in a time of geopolitical flux

Lanoszka

2020

Contemporary Politics

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President Donald Trump has provoked U.S. allies into reevaluating their own national strategies and position within the international order that the United States purportedly fashioned and has sustained since 1945. This essay looks at Poland. Like other treaty allies such as Germany and Japan, Poland has maintainedeven deepenedits security relationship with the United States in order to manage Trump. What distinguishes Poland, however, is that it more explicitly supports the military basis upon which U.S. global leadership rests. Because the United States is offshore, its preponderance helps Poland balance against Russia and head off potential security dilemmas within Europe. This essay contextualises the Polish-American relationship and explores how the United States has played in Poland's national security strategy. As Poland values the military primacy associated with the United States being a unipolar power, it is increasingly confronting geopolitical challenges for which U.S. support can only provide partial solutions.

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“…15 The extent to which external threats drive the alliance behavior of rising powers is debated. China's relationship with Russia is "alliance-like" and involves substantial security cooperation, 16 and India has pursued a wide engagement with world powers that reinforces its strategic autonomy and helps manage the threat from Pakistan and tensions with China. 17 However, rising powers are also at the forefront of constructing new modes of alignment that comprise "more nuanced, multidimensional and multifaceted partnership arrangements" in which security is not a primary motivator or central characteristic of an inter-state relationship."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking “Alliances”: The Case of South Africa as a Rising Power

Williams

Papa

2020

African Security

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How does South Africa view international alliances? International relations (IR) scholars have been debating the end of alliances and the relevance of the alliance paradigm itself. South Africa presents an excellent test case for advancing these debates for three reasons. First, it has been committed to nonalignment yet engages in close and complex interstate collaborations. Second, debates about the alliance paradigm have largely taken place in, and focused on, the Global North. And third, there is a gap in South African scholarship on this subject. This article examines the South African understanding of alliances through a systematic study of its academic and policy landscape including an analysis of 285 articles from South Africa's five most highly ranked IR journals and key policy documents produced during the post-apartheid period. The article outlines how alliances are conceptualized and operationalized. It finds that the alliance concept in South Africa departs from the traditional understanding in the Global North: alliances are often driven by mutually shared political and developmental objectives rather than an external security threat. These objectives, combined with a perception of new economic opportunities, have led to an increase in the importance of South Africa's strategic partnerships with rising powers, and reinforced its multi-alignment diplomacy.

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On the Verge of an Alliance: Contemporary China-Russia Military Cooperation

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

A Friend in Need? The Sino-Russian Relationship Under the Coronavirus Crisis in Twitter: a Russian Perspective

A Friend in Need? The Sino-Russian Relationship Under the Coronavirus Crisis in Twitter: a Russian Perspective

Poland in a time of geopolitical flux

Rethinking “Alliances”: The Case of South Africa as a Rising Power

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