On the Viability of Magnetometer-Based Projectile Orientation Measurements

Harkins, Thomas E.

doi:10.21236/ada474475

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Thus, at each time step, the signals are first normalized using running estimates of bias and scale factor for each signal obtained from peak detection, yielding normalized outputs M J and M K . Harkins [36] has shown that these normalized outputs are the sine and cosine, respectively, of the roll angle offset by a phase angle determined by the magnetic field vector and projectile Euler angles, given by for the J B and K B magnetometers, respectively. Equations (22) and (23) show that for a given magnetometer signal, two roll angles are equally likely.…”

Section: A Sensor and Dynamic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Projectile State Estimation Using Evidence Theory

Rogers

Costello

2012

Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics

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Smart projectile state estimation is a challenging task due to highly nonlinear vehicle dynamic behavior and unreliable or noisy sensor feedback. Although Kalman-filter-based algorithms are currently the primary means of sensor fusion and state estimation for smart weapons applications, they are limited in estimation accuracy, their ability to combine data from a wide variety of sensors, and their ability to recognize and reject erroneous feedback. This paper explores the use of evidence theory (or Dempster-Shafer theory) for projectile state estimation purposes. Evidence theory offers a generalized framework capable of incorporating feedback from a wide variety of sensors with little a priori knowledge about sensor noise characteristics. The framework's main strengths are its ability to manage varying levels of dynamic uncertainty between sensors and its capability to recognize and report conflicting sensor feedback. The paper begins with an overview of evidence theory and a discussion of its strengths when applied to projectile state estimation. Then an evidence-theory-based filter is described, and an example roll-angle estimator is presented. Results are discussed and performance is compared with an extended Kalman filter. The ability to identify and eliminate malfunctioning sensors from the estimation process proves to be a key advantage of the proposed design over current methods.

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Section: A Sensor and Dynamic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Projectile State Estimation Using Evidence Theory

Rogers

Costello

2012

Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics

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“…Therefore, great effort has been taken to measure it. The existing test method on projectile's attitude mainly consists of high speed photography, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] onboard instrumentation, [10][11][12][13] and the optical level principle. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Due to the obscurity caused by the gun barrel, high speed photography is unable to measure the projectile's movement in the bore.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of projectile’s in-bore yaw based on the optical lever principle

Zhou

Rui

Yang

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:

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The initial disturbance of a projectile emerging from the gun muzzle is a major reason for the projectile dispersion. Therefore, measurements of initial disturbances have a great value in improving the understanding. This paper establishes a mathematical model of the measurement system for the projectile's in-bore orientation, by utilizing the theory of ray tracing and kinematics. The layout of the optical apparatuses is attributed to an optimization problem, and the genetic algorithm is implemented to acquire an optimal layout scheme, which is further verified by test. Also, the linear timeinvariant characteristics of the measurement system are numerically verified in the context of spatial ray. These investigations will provide a technical support for the experiment, the optical apparatuses' layout and calibration of the measurement system.

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“…In [ 8 ], Harkins et al reported that the magnetic roll rate and projectile spin rate were equal only when there was no yaw motion or the spin axis was perpendicular to the local field vector. In [ 9 ], Harkins et al explained that when the spin rate was high with respect to the yaw rate, the projection of the local field vector onto the projectile’s radial axis varies with the spin rate. In [ 10 ], Harkins et al also pointed out that when the spin rate was high with respect to the yaw rate and pitch rate, the projectile spin rate estimated by roll period method was more accurate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the time domain analysis method, the signal period will be estimated to track the signal frequency. The period measurement method used commonly includes peak detection [ 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ] and zero crossing detection [ 6 , 10 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. In spite of the relatively bigger error, lower sampling rate and the need for sparse data interpolation, time domain analysis method has been widely used in the field of navigation and guidance due to its instantaneity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Spin Rate Measurement Method for Projectiles Using a Magnetoresistive Sensor Based on Time-Frequency Domain Analysis

Shang

Deng

et al. 2016

Sensors

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Traditional artillery guidance can significantly improve the attack accuracy and overall combat efficiency of projectiles, which makes it more adaptable to the information warfare of the future. Obviously, the accurate measurement of artillery spin rate, which has long been regarded as a daunting task, is the basis of precise guidance and control. Magnetoresistive (MR) sensors can be applied to spin rate measurement, especially in the high-spin and high-g projectile launch environment. In this paper, based on the theory of a MR sensor measuring spin rate, the mathematical relationship model between the frequency of MR sensor output and projectile spin rate was established through a fundamental derivation. By analyzing the characteristics of MR sensor output whose frequency varies with time, this paper proposed the Chirp z-Transform (CZT) time-frequency (TF) domain analysis method based on the rolling window of a Blackman window function (BCZT) which can accurately extract the projectile spin rate. To put it into practice, BCZT was applied to measure the spin rate of 155 mm artillery projectile. After extracting the spin rate, the impact that launch rotational angular velocity and aspect angle have on the extraction accuracy of the spin rate was analyzed. Simulation results show that the BCZT TF domain analysis method can effectively and accurately measure the projectile spin rate, especially in a high-spin and high-g projectile launch environment.

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On the Viability of Magnetometer-Based Projectile Orientation Measurements

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Smart Projectile State Estimation Using Evidence Theory

Smart Projectile State Estimation Using Evidence Theory

Measurement of projectile’s in-bore yaw based on the optical lever principle

A High-Spin Rate Measurement Method for Projectiles Using a Magnetoresistive Sensor Based on Time-Frequency Domain Analysis

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