Lattice dynamics of TlH 2 PO 4 crystal was simulated within the atomistic semi-empirical approach in high-temperature Pbcn and ferroelastic P2 1 /b phases. Phonon dispersion relations, partial density of phonon states, dispersion of mean square displacements and isotropic temperature factors were calculated. Using both the lattice dynamics simulation and phenomenological Landau-Ginzburg analysis it was shown that the ferroelastic phase transition occurs due to the bilinear interaction between the soft B 3g optical and transverse acoustic TA Y (k jj b 3 ) phonon modes. The oxygen-hydrogen interactions within the shorter O 1 -H 1 ÁÁÁO 2 hydrogen bonds play the key role at the ferroelastic phase transition.