On the “Water Response” of Frog's Tongue

Nomura, Hiromichi; Sakada, S

doi:10.2170/jjphysiol.15.433

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Basic test solutions used were deionized water, 1 M sodium chloride, 7 mM quinine hydrochloride and 3.5 mM hydrochloric acid, the latter two being dissolved in Ringer's solution. In our experiments on cats, in contrast with those on frogs (NOMURA and SAKATA, 1965), the deionized water evoked the same number of impulses in water-sensitive fibers as evoked by tap water which contained about 1 mM Ca++. Other test solutions employed were varying concentrations of mono-and divalent chloride salts, whose cation portion was Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+, Ca+ +, Mg+ + , Sr+ +, and, in some cases, Ba+ +.…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 46%

Gustatory Coding in the Cat Chorda Tympani Fibers Sensitive and Insensitive to Water

Ishiko

Sato

1973

Jpn.J.Physiol

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Summary 1. Impulse discharges in single chorda tympani fibers of the cat in response to gustatory and thermal stimulations of the tongue were recorded.Fibers were classified into water-sensitive and -insensitive ones; the magnitudes of responses to 0.5 M LiC1, NaCl, CaC12 and SrC12 were significantly greater in the latter than in the former. 2. The water response in water-sensitive fibers was depressed when a small amount of salts was added to water.The maximum depressing effects were compared among cations of Cl salts and the following order was obtained : Li+ > Na+ > Sr+ + > K+ > Mg+ + > Ca+ + > NH4 . An approximately inverse order was obtained regarding the stimulating action of these cations on water-sensitive fibers. 3. Statistical calculations of the frequency of responses of chorda tympani fibers to single gustatory stimuli or combinations of stimuli were made, assuming that responsiveness to any one stimulus is independent of that to other stimuli.No evidence of relatively specific sensitivity to a particular stimulus or a particular combination of stimuli was obtained in the cat. 4. Across-fiber correlation coefficients between the degrees of response to a pair of stimuli were calculated.Highly significant correlations were found between HCl and cooling, LiCl and NaCl, CaCl2 and SrCl2, and KC1 and either MgCl2 or NH4Cl.It has been known that the chorda tympani nerve of the cat responds poorly to sucrose (PFAFFMANN, 1955) but sufficiently to water (LILJESTRAND and ZOTTER-MAN, 1954). Experiments on single chorda tympani fibers of cats by COHEN et al. (1955) showed that the ability of salts to depress water response depends largely on the anion rather than cation species because a variety of Cl salts depressed

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Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 46%

Gustatory Coding in the Cat Chorda Tympani Fibers Sensitive and Insensitive to Water

Ishiko

Sato

1973

Jpn.J.Physiol

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“…Since then, the water response of the frog tongue has been extensively studied (Zotterman. 1949a, b; Anderson & Zotterman, 1950;Koketsu, 1951;Koketsu & Kimura, 1953;Kusano & M. Sato, 1957;Nomura H. ARITO, M. IINO AND S. F. TAKAGI & Sakada, 1965;T. Sato & Beidler, 1973, 1975Akaike, Noma & M. Sato, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water response of the frog olfactory epithelium as observed from the olfactory bulb.

Arito¹,

Iino²,

Takagi³

1978

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARYThe water response elicited by application of distilled water on the olfactory epithelium was recorded extracellularly from single olfactory bulb neurones. Characteristics of the water response in the frog olfactory epithelium were examined in comparison with those of the water response in the gustatory and palatal organs.1. Effects of various electrolyte solutions on the generation of the water response were studied by dripping distilled water on the olfactory epithelium after adaptation to each of these electrolyte solutions. Number of the olfactory bulb cells responding to distilled water increased with increasing the charge of the adapting cations and also with decreasing the size of the cations with a few exceptions.2. Magnitude of the 'water response' increased with decreasing concentration of salt in the solution which was dripped after adaptation to the isotonic solution of the same salt.3. The water response was effectively depressed by an electrolyte solution but not by a non-electrolyte solution. An electrolyte also depressed effectively the water response which was produced after adaptation to an organic salt solution.4. The water response was blocked by treatment of the olfactory epithelium with the uranyl ions which had high affinity for phospholipids.A tentative hypothesis on the generating mechanism of the water response in the frog olfactory epithelium is presented on the basis of the present experimental results and the water responses of the gustatory and palatal organs so far reported.

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“…Inhibitory effect of Na+ on the Ca2+ response The Ca2+ response was inhibited by Na salts (CASELLA and RAPUZZI, 1957;YAMASHITA, 1963;NOMURA and SAKADA, 1965;JUNGE and BRODWICK, 1970). In the present study the effect of Na+ was examined under a condition in which anions did not inhibit the Ca2+ response.…”

Section: Influences Of So24-and CL -On Ca2+ Responsementioning

confidence: 87%

“…It has been reported by some investigators that water fibers of the frog tongue (ZOTTERMAN, 1949) responds well to Ca2+ in very low concentration, and the Ca2+ response is inhibited by NaCl or KCl (CASELLA and RAPUZZI, 1957;NOMURA and SAKADA, 1965;JUNGE and BRODWICK, 1970). They showed that the inhibitory effects of the salts are due to cations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Inhibitory Effects of Cations on the Ca2+ Response of Water Fibers in the Frog Tongue

Kitada

1978

Jpn.J.Physiol

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On the “Water Response” of Frog's Tongue

Cited by 44 publications

References 8 publications

Gustatory Coding in the Cat Chorda Tympani Fibers Sensitive and Insensitive to Water

Gustatory Coding in the Cat Chorda Tympani Fibers Sensitive and Insensitive to Water

Water response of the frog olfactory epithelium as observed from the olfactory bulb.

Inhibitory Effects of Cations on the Ca2+ Response of Water Fibers in the Frog Tongue

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