On toxoflavin, the yellow poison of pseudomonas cocovenenans

Damme, P.A. van; Johannes, A. G.; Cox, H.C.; Berends, W.

doi:10.1002/recl.19600790305

Cited by 56 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Toxoflavin ( 194 ) ist ein von mehreren Bakterienarten gebildetes Pflanzentoxin, das Lebensmittelvergiftungen hervorruft . Das Gen tflA kodiert für ein Enzym, das Toxoflavin abbaut, und wurde in einem Toxoflavin‐resistenten Stamm von Paenibacillus polymyxa nachgewiesen .…”

Section: Oxidations‐ Und Reduktionsreaktionenunclassified

Die Enzymologie organischer Umwandlungen: Namensreaktionen in biologischen Systemen

2017

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Chemische Reaktionen, die zu Ehren ihrer wahren oder zumindest wahrgenommenen Entdecker benannt sind, werden als “Namensreaktionen” bezeichnet. Dieser Aufsatz ist eine Zusammenstellung von biologischen Beispielen für benannte chemische Reaktionen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf Reaktionsarten und Katalysemechanismen, die die chemische Diversität in der Biosynthese von Naturstoffen wie auch Parallelen zur organischen Synthesechemie veranschaulichen. Enzymatische Katalysemechanismen werden soweit möglich im Kontext mit den entsprechenden Mechanismen in der Synthese beschrieben, und für derzeit noch untersuchte Reaktionen werden mechanistische Hypothesen diskutiert. Der Aufsatz ist nach Reaktionsarten gegliedert, z. B. Kondensation, Reduktion und Oxidation, Substitution, Carboxylierung, Radikal‐vermittelte Reaktionen und Umlagerungen, und diese sind anhand der Namensreaktionen weiter unterteilt.

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Section: Oxidations‐ Und Reduktionsreaktionenunclassified

Die Enzymologie organischer Umwandlungen: Namensreaktionen in biologischen Systemen

2017

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“…[1] It was first isolated as ac ontributor,a longw ith bongkrekic acid, in causing food poisoning in Java in the 1930s. [1] It was first isolated as ac ontributor,a longw ith bongkrekic acid, in causing food poisoning in Java in the 1930s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To xoflavin (1)i sayellow pigmented toxin containinga7-azapteridine core. [1] It was first isolated as ac ontributor,a longw ith bongkrekic acid, in causing food poisoning in Java in the 1930s. [1,2] In additiont oi ts mammalian toxicity,t oxoflavin exhibits antibiotic activity against av ariety of bacteria and fungi [3] and phytotoxicity against ab road range of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] It was first isolated as ac ontributor,a longw ith bongkrekic acid, in causing food poisoning in Java in the 1930s. [1,2] In additiont oi ts mammalian toxicity,t oxoflavin exhibits antibiotic activity against av ariety of bacteria and fungi [3] and phytotoxicity against ab road range of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. [4] Toxoflavin is produced by the plant pathogens Burkholderia glumae and Burkholderia gladioli andf unctions as ak ey virulence factor for bacterial panicle blight of rice seedlings and bacterial wilt of numerous plant species, both caused by these phytopathogenic bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigations into the Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Self‐Resistance of Toxoflavin in Pseudomonas protegens Pf‐5

et al. 2015

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Pseudomonas spp. are prolific producers of natural products from many structural classes. Here we show that the soil bacterium Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 is capable of producing trace levels of the triazine natural product toxoflavin (1) under microaerobic conditions. We evaluated toxoflavin production by derivatives of Pf-5 with deletions in specific biosynthesis genes, which led us to propose a revised biosynthetic pathway for toxoflavin that shares the first two steps with riboflavin biosynthesis. We also report that toxM, which is not present in the well-characterized cluster of Burkholderia glumae, encodes a monooxygenase that degrades toxoflavin. The toxoflavin degradation product of ToxM is identical to that of TflA, the toxoflavin lyase from Paenibacillus polymyxa. Toxoflavin production by P. protegens causes inhibition of several plant-pathogenic bacteria, and introduction of toxM into the toxoflavin-sensitive strain Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 results in resistance to toxoflavin.

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“…Burkholderia gladioli pathovar cocovenenans was first described in the 1960 s as a bacterium that caused severe cases of food-poisoning and was then named Pseudomonas cocovenenans [ 1 ]. It has been re-named several times since.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for genetic manipulation of Burkholderia gladioli pathovar cocovenenans

et al. 2010

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BackgroundBurkholderia gladioli pathovar cocovenenans (BGC) is responsible for sporadic food-poisoning outbreaks with high morbidity and mortality in Asian countries. Little is known about the regulation of virulence factor and toxin production in BGC, and studies in this bacterium have been hampered by lack of genetic tools.FindingsEstablishment of a comprehensive antibiotic susceptibility profile showed that BGC strain ATCC33664 is susceptible to a number of antibiotics including aminoglycosides, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and trimethoprim. In this study, we established that gentamicin, kanamycin and trimethoprim are good selection markers for use in BGC. Using a 10 min method for preparation of electrocompetent cells, the bacterium could be transformed by electroporation at high frequencies with replicative plasmids containing the pRO1600-derived origin of replication. These plasmids exhibited a copy number of > 100 in BGC. When co-conjugated with a transposase expressing helper plasmid, mini-Tn7 vectors inserted site- and orientation-specifically at a single glmS-associated insertion site in the BGC genome. Lastly, a Himar1 transposon was used for random transposon mutagenesis of BGC.ConclusionsA series of genetic tools previously developed for other Gram-negative bacteria was adapted for use in BGC. These tools now facilitate genetic studies of this pathogen and allow establishment of toxin biosynthetic pathways and their genetic regulation.

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On toxoflavin, the yellow poison of pseudomonas cocovenenans

Cited by 56 publications

References 7 publications

Die Enzymologie organischer Umwandlungen: Namensreaktionen in biologischen Systemen

Die Enzymologie organischer Umwandlungen: Namensreaktionen in biologischen Systemen

Investigations into the Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Self‐Resistance of Toxoflavin in Pseudomonas protegens Pf‐5

Methods for genetic manipulation of Burkholderia gladioli pathovar cocovenenans

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