On war intensity and schooling attainment: The case of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Swee, Eik Leong

doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2015.08.001

Cited by 82 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A large number of papers look at the effects of exposure to violence on school attainment (eg. Akresh and de Walque 2008;Swee 2009;Shemyakina http://www.izajold.com/content/3/1/12 2011; Chamarbagwala and Morán 2009;Merrouche 2006;Rodriguez and Sanchez 2009). Most of these studies find a negative effect for at least a subgroup of the population even after the end of the violent spell.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Displacement and education of the next generation: evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Eder

2014

IZA J Labor Develop

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In this paper, I study the effect of displacement (in the sense of forced migration) of parents during a violent conflict on investment in their childrens' education years later. Using the ethnic division during the Bosnian War as a natural experiment, I plausibly identify exogenously displaced households and compare them to households who did not have to move because of the war. Displaced parents spend between 20 and 30% less on the education of their children in primary and secondary school. The result also holds for single expenditure positions like textbooks, school materials and annual tuition in secondary school. A number of robustness checks and nearest-neighbor matching is performed to confirm the finding. A decomposition of the causal effect shows that differences in income and the stock of durable goods can at most explain one third of the finding. Potential explanations for the reduced spending of displaced parents on education include altered preferences through the exposure to violence, increased uncertainty about the future, and financial constraints. JEL Classification: I25; J15; O15

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Justino (2011) surveys this literature. Swee (2009) analyzes the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina and finds lower completion rates in secondary school through exposure to a violent conflict. However, he argues the effect is driven by youth soldiering and should not have long-run consequences.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Displacement and education of the next generation: evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Eder

2014

IZA J Labor Develop

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“…Many school buildings were damaged, destroyed or forced to be converted into refugee centres and hospitals during the war (Mazowiecki 1994, Swee 2009). Reliable enrollment data during the conflict is very rare but it has been estimated that 50% of the schools in Bosnia required repair or reconstruction after the conflict (World Bank 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental health and child schooling

Bratti

Mendola

2014

Journal of Health Economics

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. Evidence on the role of parental health on child schooling is surprisingly thin. We explore this issue by estimating the short-run effects of parents' illness on child school enrollment. Our analysis is based on household panel data from Bosnia-Herzegovina, a country whose health and educational systems underwent extensive destruction during the 1992-1995 war. Using child fixed effects to correct for potential endogeneity bias, we find that -contrary to the common wisdom that shocks to the primary household earner should have more negative consequences for child education -it is especially maternal health that makes a difference as far as child schooling is concerned. Children whose mothers self-reported having poor health are about 7 percentage points less likely to be enrolled in education at ages 15-24. These results are robust to considering alternative indicators of parental health status such as the presence of limitations in the activities of daily living and depression symptoms. Moreover, we find that mothers' health shocks have more negative consequences on younger children and sons.JEL Classification: I21, O15

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“…22 We also estimated IV-GMM models not controlling for education. The latter may be indeed potentially affected by war trauma (Swee, 2013), and including it could make our estimated causal effects on mental health more 'partial' (i.e. excluding the effect mediated by education).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existing literature shows that violent conflict almost always results in reductions in educational access and attainment (Alderman, Hoddinott, and Kinsey 2006;Akresh and de Walque 2008;Swee, 2013;Justino, Leone and Salardi 2014). Relatively minor shocks to educational access during childhood can lead to significant and long-lasting detrimental effects on individ- Comparatively much less evidence exists on the mental health effects of conflict.…”

Section: Exposure To Violence and Mental Health: A Brief Literature Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard to Forget: The Long-Lasting Impact of War on Mental Health

2015

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SHard The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public.IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. ABSTRACTHard to Forget: The Long-Lasting Impact of War on Mental Health * War can have long-lasting effects on individual mental health through war trauma. In this paper, we explore the impact of constantly recalling painful episodes related to the 1992-1995 Bosnia and Herzegovina conflict on individual mental health in 2001 using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Potential endogeneity and reverse causality issues are addressed using objective measures of war intensity recorded at the municipality level. We find that individuals experiencing war trauma have worse mental health six years after the end of the conflict. In particular, instrumental-variable estimates show that they score 16 points (more than 1.5 standard deviations) higher on the CES-D scale (with higher scores meaning more depression symptoms) and have a 60 percentage points higher probability of being at risk of depression. Our results are robust to a number of sensitivity checks accounting for individual geographical mobility and different treatment intensities, and suggest that the negative effects on mental health are not mainly mediated by physical health problems. Back-of-the envelope calculations show large economic costs of war-trauma. JEL Classification:I1, O1

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On war intensity and schooling attainment: The case of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Cited by 82 publications

References 28 publications

Displacement and education of the next generation: evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Displacement and education of the next generation: evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Parental health and child schooling

Hard to Forget: The Long-Lasting Impact of War on Mental Health

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