Onboard fuel processor for PEM fuel cell vehicles

Bowers, Brian J.; Zhao, Jian; Ruffo, Michael; Khan, Rafey; Dattatraya, Druva; Dushman, Nathan; Beziat, J.C.; Boudjemaa, Fabien

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.10.045

Cited by 78 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…[102,103] The overall efficiency of any of these technologies depends crucially on optimized heat integration processes to minimize energy losses and avoid the requirement of excessive auxiliary cooling. Experimentally achieved efficiencies (lower heating value of reformate/lower heating value of the fuel entering the reformer) for the fuel processing units were reported to be around 80 %; [104][105][106] exact values depend on the details of the system design and on system size.…”

Section: Reforming Of Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[107] The fuel, mixed with oxygen and/or water depending on the reformer configuration, first enters the reforming reactor, followed by a high-temperature water gas shift reactor, a low-temperature shift reactor (in some systems more than two shift units are implemented), and finally a reactor for fine cleaning of the reformate to reduce the CO concentration to acceptable levels. The fine-cleaning unit is either a preferential oxidation reactor (PROX) or a methanation reactor.…”

Section: Reforming Of Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical and Physical Solutions for Hydrogen Storage

Eberle¹,

2009

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Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier in future energy systems. However, storage of hydrogen is a substantial challenge, especially for applications in vehicles with fuel cells that use proton-exchange membranes (PEMs). Different methods for hydrogen storage are discussed, including high-pressure and cryogenic-liquid storage, adsorptive storage on high-surface-area adsorbents, chemical storage in metal hydrides and complex hydrides, and storage in boranes. For the latter chemical solutions, reversible options and hydrolytic release of hydrogen with off-board regeneration are both possible. Reforming of liquid hydrogen-containing compounds is also a possible means of hydrogen generation. The advantages and disadvantages of the different systems are compared.

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Section: Reforming Of Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reforming Of Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Physical Solutions for Hydrogen Storage

Eberle¹,

2009

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“…Bower et al [24] described an on-board reformer-FC system designed for gasoline, but also adaptable to ethanol. It was based on auto-thermal reforming (ATR) coupled with high-and low-temperature water gas shift (HT-and LT-WGS) for hydrogen purification.…”

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

5kWe+5kWt reformer-PEMFC energy generator from bioethanol first data on the fuel processor from a demonstrative project

Rossetti

Biffi

Tantardini

et al. 2012

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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A power unit constituted by a reformer section, a H2 purification section and a fuel cell stack is being tested c/o the Dept. of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Università degli Studi di Milano, on the basis of a collaboration with HELBIO S.A. Hydrogen and Energy Production Systems, Patras (Greece), supplier of the unit, and some sponsors (Linea Energia S.p.A., Parco Tecnologico Padano and Provincia di Lodi, Italy). The system size allows to cogenerate 5 kWe (220 V, 50 Hz a.c.) + 5 kWt (hot water at 65°C) as peak output. Bioethanol, obtainable by different non-food-competitive biomass, is transformed into syngas by a prereforming and reforming reactors couple and the reformate is purified from CO to a concentration below 20 ppmv, suitable to feed a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack that will be integrated in the fuel processor in a second step of the experimentation. This result is achieved by feeding the reformate to two water gas shift reactors, connected in series and operating at high and low temperature, respectively. CO

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“…As reported previously 8 , FPS 2.5 has successfully reformed multiple fuels including gasoline, ethanol, and methanol. In addition, low-sulfur diesel fuel was recently tested as shown in Figure 9.…”

Section: Steam Components Air Componentsmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The program is currently near the end of Phase 3, which builds upon the success of Phases 1, 2 and 3 as reported in previous papers 1,5,6,7,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Multi-Fuel Fuel Processor and PEM Fuel Cell System for Vehicles

Bowers¹,

Zhao²,

Ruffo³

et al. 2007

SAE Technical Paper Series

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An ongoing program has made further technology advances in onboard fuel processors for use with PEM fuel cells. These systems are being explored as an option for reducing vehicle CO 2 emissions and for other benefits such as fuel-flexibility that would allow vehicles to operate on a range of bio-fuels, conventional fuels, and synthetic fuels to support diversification and/or "greening" of the fuel supply.As presented at the 2006 SAE World Congress 1 , Renault and Nuvera Fuel Cells previously developed fuel processor technology that achieved automotive size (80 liters) and power (1.4 g/s of hydrogen production) and reduced the startup time from more than 60 minutes to between 1.4 and 3.7 minutes to have CO <100 ppm. This paper presents an overview of the multi-fuel fuel cell power plant along with advances in the fuel processing system (FPS) technology and the testing results obtained since those reported in 2006.The latest generation of this technology has made advances by improving the hydrogen efficiency to more than 80% over the entire operating range (33 to 215 kW th fuel input) while keeping CO below the 100 ppm target, lowering the pressure drop to improve system efficiency, and simplifying the balance of plant including eliminating the need for unreliable steam components. This fuel processor system also replaced laboratory air supply components with a low pressure drop automotive-style air supply system that successfully controlled the split of flow from the main compressor into three parallel branches for the ATR, Prox, and TGC.In addition, an automotive fuel processor was tested with an automotive fuel cell stack and produced electricity from a broad range of fuels including ethanol, gasoline, and diesel. As an extreme demonstration of the fuelflexibility, data is presented for a real-time switch from ethanol to diesel while the fuel cell continues to produce electric power. This demonstrates a switch from a biofuel to a difficult conventional fuel and also shows the use of a spark ignition fuel and a compression ignition fuel in the same hardware.

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Onboard fuel processor for PEM fuel cell vehicles

Cited by 78 publications

References 1 publication

Chemical and Physical Solutions for Hydrogen Storage

Chemical and Physical Solutions for Hydrogen Storage

5kWe+5kWt reformer-PEMFC energy generator from bioethanol first data on the fuel processor from a demonstrative project

Multi-Fuel Fuel Processor and PEM Fuel Cell System for Vehicles

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