Once, twice, three times a genome – how the three sub‐genomes of a water lily control leaf development

Verhage, Leonie

doi:10.1111/tpj.15777

The Plant Journal

2022

DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15777

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Once, twice, three times a genome – how the three sub‐genomes of a water lily control leaf development

Leonie Verhage¹

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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Micropeltation in Myrtaceae: a neglected subject

Dörken,

Ladd,

Parsons

2024

Trees

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The majority of taxa with peltate leaves are perennial herbs native to swampy or aquatic habitats or to mesic shaded understorey habitats. These large peltate leaves are formed by a meristematic bridge at the lamina–petiole junction. However, there are also several strong-light exposed, small-leaved, xero- and scleromorphic Myrtaceae with leaf peltation which is formed without a meristem fusion/bridge. Here, abaxial laminar tissue at the insertion point of the petiole forms a basal extension, so that a weak peltation occurs. This shifts the petiole onto the adaxial laminar surface. The formation of micropeltation in Myrtaceae leads to erect leaves that are strongly appressed to the shoot axis and the entire foliate, vertical shoots appear as “green columns”, a result that is also the case in taxa with reflexed minute leaves. It seems that micropeltation achieves the same goal as leaf reflexion in small-leaved taxa—reduction of heat-load and transpiration during the hottest phases of the day by a lower light interception at midday compared to the morning and evening. Thus, physiologically micropeltation and reflexion of minute leaves seem to be the result of convergent evolution.

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Micropeltation in Myrtaceae: a neglected subject

Dörken,

Ladd,

Parsons

2024

Trees

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Phylloclades of Jacksonia (Fabaceae)—leaf-like branches as adaptation to seasonally arid environments

Dörken,

Ladd,

Parsons

2024

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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Leaves of seed plants were evolutionarily derived through syngenesis (fusion) of the photosynthetic cylindrical axes of the earliest land plants and subsequent morphological diversification. However, in some later evolved taxa leaves became very reduced or entirely lost and photosynthesis was again restricted to stems. Reduction of photosynthetic area to stems is mostly found in plants from arid environments and is generally considered disadvantageous in competition for light with plants with leaves but may be useful if water is limiting. For taxa that cannot form normal leaves on adult plants, increasing photosynthetic area is only possible by modification of other plant parts. Some taxa produce leaf-like phylloclades that are developmentally different from leaves. We investigated Jacksonia floribunda and J. anthoclada (Fabaceae) leaves and phylloclades. In all Jacksonia species true leaves are only developed in the earliest ontogenetic stages, and subsequently are reduced to minor, nonphotosynthetic brownish scales. After several nodes on the seedling, photosynthetic phylloclades, each inserted in the axil of a scale, form the foliage. Immature phylloclades have vestigial nonphotosynthetic leaves borne on small projections from the edge of the blade. These soon abscise. The phylloclades are flattened branches and when mature have a distinctly reticulate venation and a sinuous margin with alternating mucronate tips where the vestigial leaves were attached. Jacksonia species demonstrate a transformational series where in most species foliage is reduced to branchlets. In a few others branchlets are winged forming cladodes or are condensed and laterally expanded to form phylloclades. Our findings on the more derived species in Jacksonia illustrate the complexity of plant morphological responses to evolutionary pressures of seasonal water limitation.

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Once, twice, three times a genome – how the three sub‐genomes of a water lily control leaf development

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Micropeltation in Myrtaceae: a neglected subject

Micropeltation in Myrtaceae: a neglected subject

Phylloclades of Jacksonia (Fabaceae)—leaf-like branches as adaptation to seasonally arid environments

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