Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Cancer: An Overview

Derakhshani, Afshin; Rostami, Zeinab; Taefehshokr, Sina; Safarpour, Hossein; Astamal, Reza Vaezi; Taefehshokr, Nima; Alizadeh, Nazila; Argentiero, Antonella; Silvestris, Nicola; Baradaran, Behzad

doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0201.v1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…W każdym z nich można zidentyfikować kluczowe dla regulacji elementy oraz potencjalne cele dla leków przeciwnowotworowych. Oprócz wspomnianych szlaków, w powstawaniu i rozwoju nowotworów biorą udział liczne inne ścieżki, takie jak szlak: Notch, NF-κβ lub WNT/β-katenina [94]. Identyfikacja miRNA regulujących ekspresję elementów odpowiedzialnych za utrzymywanie prawidłowego stanu komórki już teraz znajduje zastosowanie w diagnostyce nowotworów: jelita grubego, tarczycy, szyjki macicy, piersi, prostaty oraz tarczycy.…”

Section: Podsumowanieunclassified

THE ROLE OF miRNA IN CARCINOGENESIS

NAWROT,

MACIASZCZYK-DZIUBIŃSKA

2023

PBK

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Streszczenie: Od czasu odkrycia pierwszego miRNA zidentyfikowano tysiące cząsteczek tego typu, również w organizmie człowieka. Odgrywają rolę w kontroli ekspresji genów, w tym tych odpowiedzialnych za kontrolę podziałów komórkowych i cykl komórkowy. Deregulację poziomu różnych miRNA zaobserwowano w komórkach nowotworowych. W tej pracy scharakteryzowano miRNA wpływające na ekspresję elementów komórkowych szlaków sygnałowych MAPK/ERK oraz p53. Wybrane ścieżki przekazywania sygnałów odgrywają dużą rolę w procesie kancerogenezy. Zidentyfikowane miRNA mają potencjał, by służyć jako markery diagnostyczne lub terapeutyki w leczeniu różnych nowotworów, takich jak rak jelita grubego, rak piersi lub nowotwory płuc.Słowa kluczowe: mikroRNA (miRNA), nowotworzenie, szlaki sygnałowe Summary: Since the first miRNA was discovered, thousands of other molecules of this type have been identified, also in human organism. They play an important role in gene expression control, including cell division and cycle regulation. Deregulation of levels of different miRNAs was observed in cancer cells. In this paper the influence of miRNAs on the expression of elements of cellular signaling pathways -PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK?ERK and p53 -were characterized. These pathways are important in carcinogenesis. Identified miRNAs have the potential to become diagnostic markers or medications in the treatment of many types of cancer, like colorectal, breast, or lung cancer.

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Section: Podsumowanieunclassified

THE ROLE OF miRNA IN CARCINOGENESIS

NAWROT,

MACIASZCZYK-DZIUBIŃSKA

2023

PBK

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“…It is known that ROS can induce carcinogenesis by affecting the oncogenes BRAF, c-Myc, Ras, Rac-1, and the p53 suppressor gene. The BRAF and Rac-1 mutations are of particular importance for the development of melanoma, and the inhibition of Rac-1 may be mediated by ROS, which also direct the expression of HIF-1α in order to activate the Met proto-oncogene, which facilitates the angiogenesis, proliferation, and metastasis of melanoma [50]. Moreover, neoplastic transformation is mediated by signaling pathways regulated by ROS, especially PI3K/AKT and NF-κB, related to the regulation of inflammation and apoptosis [51].…”

Section: Inflammatory Skin Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algal Lipids as Modulators of Skin Disease: A Critical Review

et al. 2022

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The prevalence of inflammatory skin diseases continues to increase with a high incidence in children and adults. These diseases are triggered by environmental factors, such as UV radiation, certain chemical compounds, infectious agents, and in some cases, people with a genetic predisposition. The pathophysiology of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis, but also of skin cancers, is the result of the activation of inflammation-related metabolic pathways and the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in in vitro and in vivo studies. Inflammatory skin diseases are also associated with oxidative stress, overproduction of ROS, and impaired antioxidant defense, which affects the metabolism of immune cells and skin cells (keratinocytes and fibroblasts) in systemic and skin disorders. Lipids from algae have been scarcely applied to modulate skin diseases, but they are well known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. They have shown scavenging activities and can modulate redox homeostasis enzymes. They can also downmodulate key inflammatory signaling pathways and transcription factors such as NF-κB, decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. Thus, the exploitation of algae lipids as therapeutical agents for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases is highly attractive, being critically reviewed in the present work.

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“…15,16 Immune checkpoints with high levels of expression, including PD-L1 and CTLA-4, 17,18 which prevent the antigen from being presented to immune T cells and hence create an immune suppressive environment, are primarily responsible for CSCs' capacity to evade the immune system. 19 Consequently, CSCs are more susceptible to immune-based therapy when PD-L1 and CTLA-4 levels are high. 14,20 We set out to find the importance of the cell surface markers CD133, CD44, Nanog, and Oct-4 on the CSCs of pancreatic cancer cells since there has been insufficient research on CSCs in pancreatic cancer to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Combination of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 Suppression Significantly Decreased the Expression Levels of Cancer Stem Cell Factors in the Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line

et al. 2023

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Background: It is thought that a limited number of aberrant cancer stem cells (CSCs), which encourage carcinogenesis, tumor metastasis, and treatment resistance, are the cause of pancreatic cancer, a disease with a high mortality rate. Increasing evidence shows that CSCs use immunosuppressive properties to avoid immune system identification. In Pancreatic cancer, the therapeutic consequences of the relationship between the expression of immune checkpoints such as programmed death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and the presence of CSCs are poorly known. As a result, in the present investigation, we examined how the expression levels of CSCs were affected by PD-L1 and CTLA-4 knockdown using specific siRNA. Methods: Independently and together, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 siRNA were transfected into MIA PaCa-2 cells. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were then performed. Finally, using qRT-PCR, the gene expression levels of CSCs markers, including Nanog, CD133, CD44, and Oct-4, in transfected groups were measured. Results: In the MIA PaCa-2 cell line, siRNA-mediated inhibition of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 decreased the expression of CSC factors. Moreover, combined suppression of these two stemness-related immune checkpoints significantly decreased Nanog, CD133, CD44, and Oct-4 expression compared to inhibition of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 separately. Conclusion: Considering that the combination of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 suppression using siRNA significantly decreased the expression levels of CSCs factors, this approach may be regarded as an effective therapy for this cancer.

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Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Cancer: An Overview

Cited by 4 publications

References 105 publications

THE ROLE OF miRNA IN CARCINOGENESIS

THE ROLE OF miRNA IN CARCINOGENESIS

Algal Lipids as Modulators of Skin Disease: A Critical Review

The Combination of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 Suppression Significantly Decreased the Expression Levels of Cancer Stem Cell Factors in the Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line

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