Oncologic Emergencies

Yeung, Sai‐Ching Jim; Escalante, Carmen P.

doi:10.1002/9781119000822.hfcm141.pub2

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 247 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A incidência varia muito e pode ocorrer em até 30% dos doentes com cancro no decurso da sua doença. 5,6,7 Pode ser o modo de apresentação do cancro, mas é mais comum em doentes com o diagnóstico estabelecido. Pode ocorrer tanto em tumores sólidos como hematológicos.…”

Section: Hipercalcemiaunclassified

Emergências Oncológicas

I.,

I.M.,

L.M.

et al. 2024

Manual De Oncologia Da LICCAN - 2ª Edição

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oncologic emergencies can be classified as metabolic, neurological, cardiovascular, hematologic, respiratory, urological or related to treatment side effects. Hypercalcemia is common in cancer patients and is associated with a worse prognosis. It is treated with rehydration resource intensive with or without diuretics and intravenous bisphosphonates and others such as calcitonin and corticosteroids. The tumor lysis syndrome is a metabolic emergency that presents as a severe electrolyte disturbance. Its treatment is preventive action with hydration and allopurinol or rasburicase. Hyponatremia is the main consequence of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone and should be suspected if a patient with cancer presents with normovolemic hyponatremia. This metabolic condition is treated with fluid restriction and furosemide. The spinal cord compression, a devastating complication requires early diagnosis and treatment in order to preserve neurological function, using steroids, and radiotherapy or surgery. Brain metastases can cause increased intracranial pressure by brain edema. Corticosteroid therapy and treatment modalities are definitive treatment options. The superior vena cava syndrome presents with facial edema, neck and collateral venous circulation. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiotherapy or intravascular stent.The malignant pericardial effusion, often underdiagnosed in cancer patients can be treated with pericardiocentesis or a pericardial window. The hyperviscosity syndrome is associated with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, and is treated with plasmapheresis and chemotherapy. The obstruction of the airways by locally advanced tumors requires a recognition and timely treatment establishing an airway capable of performing adequate gas exchange. Febrile neutropenia is an emergency that usually requires hospitalization for treatment with broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics; although the outpatient treatment may be appropriate in low risk patients. Anaphylactic reactions can occur in the context of chemotherapy and its treatment based on early recognition, maintenance of airway and hemodynamic support.OBJECTIVES: To review the most common oncological emergencies with special emphasis on prevention, warning signs, diagnosis and treatment.

show abstract

Section: Hipercalcemiaunclassified