Background: Effective pain management in oncology settings is critical yet often hindered by various challenges. Nurses frequently face physical, psychological, and systemic barriers when managing cancer-related pain. Aim: This study aims to explore the barriers oncology nurses encounter in pain management and identify strategies to overcome these challenges, with implications for both nursing practice and health administration. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to analyze the difficulties faced by oncology nurses, focusing on aspects such as pain assessment, medication administration, education, and interprofessional communication. Results: Key barriers identified include inadequate pain assessment tools, concerns surrounding opioid use, and insufficient interprofessional communication. Strategies employed by nurses to address these challenges include advocating for systemic changes, implementing continuous pain assessments, and fostering collaboration within the healthcare team. Conclusion: Oncology nurses are pivotal in improving pain management by identifying barriers, advocating for effective solutions, and ensuring optimal patient care. Enhancing communication, education, and administrative support can further empower nurses to address these challenges effectively.