Oncolytic Bacteria and their potential role in bacterium-mediated tumour therapy: a conceptual analysis

Wang, Yuqing; Guo, Wenbo; Wu, Xiaoli; Zhang, Ying; Mannion, Ciaran; Brouchkov, Anatoli; Man, Yan-Gao; Chen, Tingtao

doi:10.7150/jca.35648

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Similar to traditional vaccine approaches, this requires the a priori identification of efficacious target antigens. While Salmonella-and Clostridium-based therapeutics also require the use of highly attenuated strains, such approaches primarily take advantage of the oncolytic potential of these pathogenic bacteria 48 . Clinically these oncolytic strains have either failed to exhibit robust efficacy or have been hindered by dose-limiting toxicities 11 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy with engineered bacteria by targeting the STING pathway for anti-tumor immunity

et al. 2020

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Synthetic biology is a powerful tool to create therapeutics which can be rationally designed to enable unique and combinatorial functionalities. Here we utilize non-pathogenic E coli Nissle as a versatile platform for the development of a living biotherapeutic for the treatment of cancer. The engineered bacterial strain, referred to as SYNB1891, targets STING-activation to phagocytic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the tumor and activates complementary innate immune pathways. SYNB1891 treatment results in efficacious antitumor immunity with the formation of immunological memory in murine tumor models and robust activation of human APCs. SYNB1891 is designed to meet manufacturability and regulatory requirements with built in biocontainment features which do not compromise its efficacy. This work provides a roadmap for the development of future therapeutics and demonstrates the transformative potential of synthetic biology for the treatment of human disease when drug development criteria are incorporated into the design process for a living medicine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy with engineered bacteria by targeting the STING pathway for anti-tumor immunity

et al. 2020

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“…The bacteria naturally inhabit normal cells and cancer cells (intracellular bacteria) cannot be used to treat cancer, though some of which were once experimen-Q. L. Dong, X. Y. Xing tally used for this purpose [9]. This is because the intracellular bacteria are apparently incapable of killing cancer cells and less likely to induce host anticancer immune response, but, as discussed above, might potentially turn into primary and secondary cancer cells respectively, resulting in cancer relapse and metastasis.…”

Section: Intracellular Bacteria/viruses Can Not Be Used For Cancer Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial and Viral Therapies of Cancer: Background, Mechanism and Perspective

Dong¹,

Xing²

2021

JBM

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Bacterial and viral therapies of cancer are highly promising, yet their mechanisms are incompletely understood, hindering their improvement and application. In this paper, We 1) review briefly the genesis and progress of bacterial and viral therapies of cancer; 2) compare and evaluate the proposed mechanisms of bacterial and viral therapies of cancer and present the unifying mechanism that bacteria/viruses stimulate cancer cells to produce antibacterial/antiviral proteins, which also serve as the responsive cancer antigens triggering host anticancer immune response; and 3) provide a perspective on the exploitation of non-human and non-animal bacteria and viruses and other microorganisms, particularly protist-infecting bacteria and viruses and bacterial/cyanobacterial viruses (bacteriophage/phage and cyanophage), for cancer treatment and prevention.

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“…The combination strategy strongly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged the survival of murine models via strengthened ICD [ 78 ]. Oncolytic viruses or bacteria specifically orient to the tumor microenvironment and lyse tumor cells, thereby releasing tumor antigens, damage-associated molecular patterns, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns to recruit peripheral immune cells to the TIME or reboot pre-existing antitumor immune cells in the TIME [ 79 , 80 ]. Simultaneously, microbes themselves serve as promising immune adjuvants to promote inflammatory TIME, which further boosts antitumor immunity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the tumor microbe microenvironment in the tumor immune microenvironment: bystander, activator, or inhibitor?

Huang

et al. 2021

J Exp Clin Cancer Res

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The efficacy of cancer immunotherapy largely depends on the tumor microenvironment, especially the tumor immune microenvironment. Emerging studies have claimed that microbes reside within tumor cells and immune cells, suggesting that these microbes can impact the state of the tumor immune microenvironment. For the first time, this review delineates the landscape of intra-tumoral microbes and their products, herein defined as the tumor microbe microenvironment. The role of the tumor microbe microenvironment in the tumor immune microenvironment is multifaceted: either as an immune activator, inhibitor, or bystander. The underlying mechanisms include: (I) the presentation of microbial antigens by cancer cells and immune cells, (II) microbial antigens mimicry shared with tumor antigens, (III) microbe-induced immunogenic cell death, (IV) microbial adjuvanticity mediated by pattern recognition receptors, (V) microbe-derived metabolites, and (VI) microbial stimulation of inhibitory checkpoints. The review further suggests the use of potential modulation strategies of the tumor microbe microenvironment to enhance the efficacy and reduce the adverse effects of checkpoint inhibitors. Lastly, the review highlights some critical questions awaiting to be answered in this field and provides possible solutions. Overall, the tumor microbe microenvironment modulates the tumor immune microenvironment, making it a potential target for improving immunotherapy. It is a novel field facing major challenges and deserves further exploration.

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Oncolytic Bacteria and their potential role in bacterium-mediated tumour therapy: a conceptual analysis

Cited by 26 publications

References 111 publications

Immunotherapy with engineered bacteria by targeting the STING pathway for anti-tumor immunity

Immunotherapy with engineered bacteria by targeting the STING pathway for anti-tumor immunity

Bacterial and Viral Therapies of Cancer: Background, Mechanism and Perspective

The role of the tumor microbe microenvironment in the tumor immune microenvironment: bystander, activator, or inhibitor?

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