Oncolytic Virus-Based Immunotherapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Yoo, So Young; Badrinath, Narayanasamy; Woo, Hyun Young; Heo, Jeong

doi:10.1155/2017/5198798

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…69 Another approach is to use oncolytic viruses to attack HCC tumor cells. 70 – 72 Theoretically, these viruses can selectively replicate in tumor cells and cause lysis without harming normal tissues. 26 Oncolytic virotherapy-mediated oncolysis not only leads to tumor regression but also provides important immune responses.…”

Section: Other Targets In Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Immunotherapy: A Review of Current and Future Options

Ghavimi¹,

Apfel²,

Azimi³

et al. 2020

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology

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With mortality rates of liver cancer doubling in the last 20 years, this disease is on the rise and has become the fifth most common cancer in men and the seventh most common cancer in women. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents approximately 90% of all primary liver cancers and is a major global health concern. Patients with HCC can be managed curatively with surgical resection or with liver transplantation, if they are diagnosed at an early stage. Unfortunately, most patients with HCC present with advanced stages of the disease and have underlying liver dysfunction, which allows only 15% of patients to be eligible for curative treatment. Several different treatment modalities are available, including locoregional therapy radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, percutaneous ethanol injection, trans-arterial chemoembolization, transarterial radio-embolization, cryoablation, radiation therapy, stereotactic radiotherapy, systemic chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapies, and immunotherapy. Immunotherapy has recently become a promising method for inhibiting HCC tumor progression, recurrence, and metastasis. The term "Immunotherapy" is a catch-all, encompassing a wide range of applications and targets, including HCC vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and use of oncolytic viruses to treat HCC. Immunotherapy in HCC is a relatively safe option for treating patients with advanced disease in the USA who are either unable to receive or failed sorafenib/lenvatinib therapy and thus may offer an additional survival benefit for these patients. The purpose of this review is to elaborate on some of the most recent advancements in immunotherapy.

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Section: Other Targets In Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most investigations into oncolytic virotherapy are currently in the pre-clinical or early clinical stages but are promising. 70 …”

Section: Other Targets In Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Management and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Immunotherapy: A Review of Current and Future Options

Ghavimi¹,

Apfel²,

Azimi³

et al. 2020

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology

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“…Dendritic cell-based vaccines have been evaluated in many small studies in HCC with encouraging results providing hope for further development [48]. Besides, early-phase trials evaluating adenovirus and vaccinia virus in HCC patients, which selectively target and replicate in cancer cells, have reported objective tumor responses [49]. A randomized phase III study that is still ongoing is evaluating the combination of vaccinia virus with sorafenib (NCT02562755).…”

Section: Combinations Of Icis and Other Immunotherapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Therapy for Liver Cancers

Hilmi

Vienot

Rousseau

et al. 2019

Cancers

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and biliary tract cancers (BTC) display a poor prognosis with 5-year overall survival rates around 15%, all stages taken together. These primary liver malignancies are often diagnosed at advanced stages where therapeutic options are limited. Recently, immune therapy has opened new opportunities in oncology. Based on their high programmed death-ligand 1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, HCC and BTC are theoretically good candidates for immune checkpoint blockade. However, clinical activity of single agent immunotherapy appears limited to a subset of patients, which is still ill-defined, and combinations are under investigation. In this review, we provide an overview of (i) the biological rationale for immunotherapies in HCC and BTC, (ii) the current state of their clinical development, and (iii) the predictive value of immune signatures for both clinical outcome and response to these therapies.

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“…These viruses can also be engineered to express immune-stimulatory genes such as GM-CSF, a cytokine which could enhance antitumor immunity by stimulating antigen-presenting cells and promote the tumour infiltration and maturation of NK cells and T cells [194]. Oncolytic virus therapies have been tested in preclinical and phase I/II clinical trials for HCC [195]. For instance, JX-594, an engineered vaccinia virus with thymidine kinase-deactivated, was well tolerated [196] and demonstrated promising outcome in phase II clinical trial in HCC patients [197].…”

Section: Oncolytic Virus Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rationale of Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Potential Biomarkers

Tai

Choo

Chew

2019

Cancers

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of liver cancer, is derived mostly from a background of chronic inflammation. Multiple immunotherapeutic strategies have been evaluated in HCC, with some degree of success, particularly with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Despite the initial enthusiasm, treatment benefit is only appreciated in a modest proportion of patients (response rate to single agent ~20%). Therapy-induced immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and economic impact are pertinent considerations with ICB. It is imperative that a deeper understanding of its mechanisms of action either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapeutic agents is needed. We herein discuss the latest developments in the immunotherapeutic approaches for HCC, the potential predictive biomarkers and the rationale for combination therapies. We also outline promising future immunotherapeutic strategies for HCC patients.

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Oncolytic Virus-Based Immunotherapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cited by 45 publications

References 93 publications

Management and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Immunotherapy: A Review of Current and Future Options

Management and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Immunotherapy: A Review of Current and Future Options

Immune Therapy for Liver Cancers

Rationale of Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Potential Biomarkers

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