Oncolytic Viruses as Immunotherapeutic Agents

Trehub, Yevhenii; Havrilov, Andrii

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-50287-4_27

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…Comprehensive studies have laid down in great detail the molecular interactions following Tvec treatment (Kohlhapp and Kaufman, 2016;Trehub and Gavrilov, 2021) implying an explanation of the anti-cancer effect. However, the actual clinical results have not been equivalent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The patient is 87 years old, generally in good health, active. He fell and had a compression fracture We decided based on available literature (Kohlhapp and Kaufman, 2016;Trehub and Gavrilov, 2021;Sweeney and Halldén, 2012) to try Tvec treatment and PD1 inhibition followed by activation of innate immunity with SBG gel glucan (ß1-3 glucan) (Seljelid et al, 1981).…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Novel Effective Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Single Case Report

Seljelid¹,

Bøgwald²

2021

GJCCR

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A novel treatment for prostate cancer, based on the Tvec /pembroluzimab technology -supported by activation of innate immunity is reported. The effect has been striking. Reduction of PSA from 60 𝜇g/Liter to undetectable in 6 weeks, reduction of serum LDH from almost 1000 U/L to under 200 (normal) in 8 weeks, extensive necrosis in the tumor tissue as revealed by MR. The treatment gave no serious side-effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Effective Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Single Case Report

Seljelid¹,

Bøgwald²

2021

GJCCR

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The role of immunogenic clinical death in the virotherapy of malignant neoplasms

Gavrilov

Сенников

Kotenko

et al. 2021

ECM

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The work considers the main directions, results of experimental and clinical researches of a role of immunogenic cell death in verotherapy of malignant neoplasms. Cell death under the influence of oncolytic viruses, which occurred in the scenario of immunogenic cell death with the release of dangerously associated molecular patterns, was estimated. Clinical cases were divided by us into 2 types according to the method of activating the stress agent of the endoplasmic reticulum. Precisely those that influenced directly on structures inside the cell besides the endoplasmic reticulum, launching its stress indirectly through targets such as cytoplasmic proteins, membrane proteins and channels, proteins of the DNA replication system, and those that launched endoplasmic reticulum stress acting directly on the endoplasmic reticulum and breaking its work. The influence of oncolytic viruses on cells of malignant neoplasms is estimated. In our opinion, a significant positive difference between oncolytic viruses and other inducers of immunogenic cell death is that the infected cell with oncolytic viruses secretes pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which are structural molecules and waste products. Such additional stimulation may enhance the activity of immunocytes and increase the efficiency of antigen presentation. We have observed that cells with low-affinity T-cell receptors can escape negative selection, but their activity is usually insufficient to launch a full immune response due to the immunosuppressive microenvironment in the tumor. Immunogenic cell death may oppress this immunosuppression and increase the activity of the low-affinity clone of T lymphocytes for some time, but after the attenuation of immunogenic cell death, this pool is rapidly suppressed by the peripheral tolerogenic mechanisms and immunological memory hardly develops. In our opinion, this is especially actual for chemotherapeutic treatment regimens, because they have a limited duration due to the development of side effects. A detailed analysis of our own research and literature data allow to mention that oncolytic viruses seem to be an effective solution as an inducer of immunogenic cell death - they multiply in the tumor and cause immunogenic cell death for a long time while they are able to infect other tumor cells, which сonsequently allow recommending them as a stage of combined treatment of patients with oncopathology. Keywords: oncology, cell death, immunogenic apoptosis, oncolytic viruses.

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Oncolytic Viruses as Immunotherapeutic Agents

Cited by 2 publications

References 199 publications

A Novel Effective Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Single Case Report

A Novel Effective Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Single Case Report

The role of immunogenic clinical death in the virotherapy of malignant neoplasms

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