Oncolytic viruses combined with immune checkpoint therapy for colorectal cancer is a promising treatment option

Ren, Yi; Miao, Jia-Meng; Wang, Yuan‐Yuan; Zheng, Fan; Kong, Xianbin; Yang, Long; Chen, Gong

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.961796

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Oncolytic viruses: Oncolytic viruses are genetically modified viruses and play a role in cancer therapy by preferentially replicating in the tumor cells causing its lysis and further by stimulating the immunity of the host. Various oncolytic viruses such as vaccinia virus, Reo, herpes simplex virus, and adenovirus and oncolytic measles virus have shown promise in the treatment of Colo-rectal cancer[ 23 ].…”

Section: Newer Developments/innovations Affecting the Gi Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging molecules, tools, technology, and future of surgical knife in gastroenterology

Kumar,

Goyal

2024

World J Gastrointest Surg

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The 21st century has started with several innovations in the medical sciences, with wide applications in health care management. This development has taken in the field of medicines (newer drugs/molecules), various tools and technology which has completely changed the patient management including abdominal surgery. Surgery for abdominal diseases has moved from maximally invasive to minimally invasive (laparoscopic and robotic) surgery. Some of the newer medicines have its impact on need for surgical intervention. This article focuses on the development of these emerging molecules, tools, and technology and their impact on present surgical form and its future effects on the surgical intervention in gastroenterological diseases.

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Section: Newer Developments/innovations Affecting the Gi Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging molecules, tools, technology, and future of surgical knife in gastroenterology

Kumar,

Goyal

2024

World J Gastrointest Surg

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“…One study identified four phages in increased abundance in CRC patients [88]. Cancer virotherapy is immunotherapy that uses genetically modified viruses (oncolytic viruses) to selectively target and lyse cancer cells and also facilitates the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which may be beneficial in the treatment of CRC [89]. The identification of phages' activity against oncogenic bacteria in the tumor microenvironment may offer a targeted therapeutic approach.…”

Section: Intestinal Virome and Crcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Dysbiosis: Microbial Imbalance Impacts on Colorectal Cancer Initiation, Progression and Disease Mitigation

Garvey

2024

Biomedicines

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The human gastrointestinal tract houses a diverse range of microbial species that play an integral part in many biological functions. Several preclinical studies using germ-free mice models have demonstrated that the gut microbiome profoundly influences carcinogenesis and progression. Colorectal cancer appears to be associated with microbial dysbiosis involving certain bacterial species, including F. nucleatum, pks+ E. coli, and B. fragilis, with virome commensals also disrupted in patients. A dysbiosis toward these pro-carcinogenic species increases significantly in CRC patients, with reduced numbers of the preventative species Clostridium butyicum, Roseburia, and Bifidobacterium evident. There is also a correlation between Clostridium infection and CRC. F. nucleatum, in particular, is strongly associated with CRC where it is associated with therapeutic resistance and poor outcomes in patients. The carcinogenic mode of action of pathogenic bacteria in CRC is a result of genotoxicity, epigenetic alterations, ROS generation, and pro-inflammatory activity. The aim of this review is to discuss the microbial species and their impact on colorectal cancer in terms of disease initiation, progression, and metastasis. The potential of anticancer peptides as anticancer agents or adjuvants is also discussed, as novel treatment options are required to combat the high levels of resistance to current pharmaceutical options.

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“…Following OV infection of tumour cells and subsequent local inflammation, innate immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages within the TME, recognize the DAMPs, PAMPs and tumour antigens released by oncolysis, resulting in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IFN-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which promote the maturation of DCs and further recruitment and activation of innate immune cells [ 19 , 20 ] ( Figure 2 ). Antigen-loaded antigen-presenting cells (APCs) then migrate to draining lymph nodes where they initiate antigen-specific T cell priming and activation.…”

Section: Oncolytic Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncolytic Viruses and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: The “Hot” New Power Couple

Lovatt,

Parker

2023

Cancers

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer care and shown remarkable efficacy clinically. This efficacy is, however, limited to subsets of patients with significant infiltration of lymphocytes into the tumour microenvironment. To extend their efficacy to patients who fail to respond or achieve durable responses, it is now becoming evident that complex combinations of immunomodulatory agents may be required to extend efficacy to patients with immunologically “cold” tumours. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have the capacity to selectively replicate within and kill tumour cells, resulting in the induction of immunogenic cell death and the augmentation of anti-tumour immunity, and have emerged as a promising modality for combination therapy to overcome the limitations seen with ICIs. Pre-clinical and clinical data have demonstrated that OVs can increase immune cell infiltration into the tumour and induce anti-tumour immunity, thus changing a “cold” tumour microenvironment that is commonly associated with poor response to ICIs, to a “hot” microenvironment which can render patients more susceptible to ICIs. Here, we review the major viral vector platforms used in OV clinical trials, their success when used as a monotherapy and when combined with adjuvant ICIs, as well as pre-clinical studies looking at the effectiveness of encoding OVs to deliver ICIs locally to the tumour microenvironment through transgene expression.

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Oncolytic viruses combined with immune checkpoint therapy for colorectal cancer is a promising treatment option

Cited by 27 publications

References 82 publications

Emerging molecules, tools, technology, and future of surgical knife in gastroenterology

Emerging molecules, tools, technology, and future of surgical knife in gastroenterology

Intestinal Dysbiosis: Microbial Imbalance Impacts on Colorectal Cancer Initiation, Progression and Disease Mitigation

Oncolytic Viruses and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: The “Hot” New Power Couple

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