The recruitment of leukocytes to injured tissue is crucial for the initiation of inflammatory responses as well as for immune surveillance to fight tumor progression. In this study, we show that oncostatin M, a member of the IL-6-type cytokine family and potent proinflammatory cytokine stimulates the expression of the chemokines CCL1, CCL7, and CCL8 in primary human dermal fibroblasts at a faster kinetic than IL-1 or TNF-␣. The production of CCL1 and CCL8 is important for migration of monocytes, while specific Abs against CCL1 additionally inhibit the migration of T lymphocytes. We identify the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1/2 and p38 as crucial factors for the enhanced expression of CCL1 and CCL8. T he appropriate immune response relies on the interaction of various cell types orchestrated by direct cell contact or soluble factors. As an initial step, recruitment of leukocytes to sites of tissue damage or invaded pathogens occurs. This process is mainly controlled by members of the chemokine superfamily, in particular by the inducible "inflammatory" chemokines (1-3). This subfamily comprises the majority of the so far known 50 chemokines in humans and is distinguished from the constitutively expressed "homeostatic" chemokines. Apart from their function, chemokines can be sorted according to their structure into four groups, designated C, CX 3 C, CXC, and CC depending on the number and spacing of conserved cysteines (1-3). The family of monocyte-chemoattractant proteins (CCL2/MCP-1, CCL7/ MCP-3, CCL8/MCP-2, and CCL13/MCP-4) has mainly proinflammatory activities and exerts its biologic effects through binding to the G-protein coupled receptors CCR1 and CCR2, which are present on the cell surface of a variety of cell types (1, 3). CCL1/ I-309 has been originally identified as a gene expressed in activated T cell lines (4) and specifically binds to CCR8, which is expressed on the cell surface of polarized Th2 cells and regulatory T cells as well as macrophages (5-8).CCL1 as well as the MCP family members CCL7 and CCL8 are considered to play an important role in the recruitment of monocytes and T lymphocytes to sites of inflammation (9 -11). Their enhanced expression during inflammatory processes is stimulated by different cytokines in various cell types, i.e., by IL-1, TNF-␣, and IFN-␥ in human airway smooth-muscle cells (12), by IL-1 and IFN-␥ in both fibroblasts and epithelial cells (13) and by endogenous IL-1 in monocytes (14).In this study, we describe the regulation of CCL1, CCL7, and CCL8 by the IL-6-type cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) 3 in primary human dermal fibroblasts. OSM is a known proinflammatory cytokine, which is secreted by activated monocytes, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes (15). The human cytokine can signal through two receptor complexes: the type I receptor complex consisting of gp130, the common receptor subunit of all IL-6-type cytokines, and the LIF receptor or the type II receptor complex composed of gp130 and the OSM receptor  subunit (16). In contrast, murine OSM only signals throu...