“…Idiopathic congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is an unique disorder of respiratory control [Mellins et al, 1970;Haddad et al, 1978;Guilleminault et al, 1982;Weese-Mayer et al, 1992, occurring in association with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) [Bolande, 1974;Haddad et al, 1978;Bower and Adkins, 1980;Stern et al, 1980;Guilleminault et al, 1982;O'Dell et al, 1987;Hamilton and Bodurtha, 1989;Minutillo et al, 1989;Weese-Mayer et al, 1992;Commare et al, 1993;Verloes et al, 1993], tumors of neural crest origin (neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma) [Haddad et al, 1978;Bower and Adkins, 1980;Swaminathan et al, 1989;Weese-Mayer et al, 1992;Commare et al, 1993], and symptoms of autonomic nervous system dysfunction (ANSD) [Weese-Mayer et al, 2001]. Speci®c respiratory control abnormalities include the hallmark of the disease, alveolar hypoventilation and lack of normal ventilatory and arousal responses to hypercarbia and hypoxemia [Deonna et al, 1974;Shannon et al, 1976;Fleming et al, 1980;Wells et al, 1980;Guilleminault et al, 1982;Paton et al, 1989;Weese-Mayer et al, 1992] as well as limited breath-to-breath variability [Weese-Mayer et al, 1999].…”