Despite the long history of spectroscopic
studies of the C2 molecule, fundamental questions about
its chemical bonding
are still being hotly debated. The complex electronic structure of
C2 is a consequence of its dense manifold of near-degenerate,
low-lying electronic states. A global multi-state diabatic model is
proposed here to disentangle the numerous configuration interactions
that occur within four symmetry manifolds of excited states of C2 (1Πg, 3Πg, 1Σ
u
+ , and 3Σ
u
+ ). The key concept of our model is the existence of two “valence-hole”
configurations,
for 1,3Π
g
states and
for 1,3Σ
u
+ states, that
are derived from 3σ
g
← 2σ
u
electron promotion. The lowest-energy state
from each of the four C2 symmetry species is dominated
by this type of valence-hole configuration at its equilibrium internuclear
separation. As a result of their large binding energy (nominal bond
order of 3) and correlation with the 2s22p2 +
2s2p3 separated-atom configurations, the presence of these
valence-hole configurations has a profound impact on the global electronic
structure and unimolecular dynamics of C2.