One-dimensional In₂O₃ nanorods as sensing material for ppb-level n-butanol detection

Abstract

Effectively and quantificationally detecting hazardous gas n-butanol is very significant in daily life, which can bring about a safe living condition for humans. In this study, the one-dimensional In2O3 nanorods were successfully synthesized via hydrothermal route and post-heat treatment. Noticeably, one-dimensional nanorods structures were obtained and the products presented a superior growth orientation along with (222) plane. Additionally, systematical gas-sensing measurements of the sensor made from In2O3 nanorods towards hazardous n-butanol gas were conducted. Results exhibited that the fabricated sensor showed excellent n-butanol sensing properties, with aspects to a superior response value of 342.20 with concentration 100 ppm at 240 °C, remarkable selectivity, fast response/recovery times (77.5/34.2 s) and good stability. More interestingly, the detection limit of sensor as low as 500 ppb and a good linearity relationship between response values and n-butanol concentrations was presented. Gas-sensitive properties of this sensor are better than previously reported in n-butanol detection. All results demonstrate that one-dimensional In2O3 nanorod is a promising sensor material to practical applications in effectively detecting n-butanol gas.

MOF-Derived Tourmaline@ZnO Nanostructure as a High-Response Sensing Material of Gas Sensors toward n-Butanol

“…The high-resolution C 1s spectrum was divided into three main peaks, with the assignation of C1 (284.8 eV), C2 (286.6 eV), and C3 (288.6 eV) directed to the C–C bond, C–O bond, and CO bond (Figure c); , the appearance of these three peaks should be attributed to the incomplete oxidation of organic residues during calcination. Figure d displays the XPS peak fit of O 1s of the two samples, and the two peaks inclusive of O L (530.0 eV) and O V (531.5 eV) represent lattice oxygen and surface oxygen vacancies in ZnO, respectively. , It is well known that lattice oxygen stays very stable during gas sensing reactions and does not contribute to the gas sensing performance. On the other hand, the existence of surface oxygen vacancy can promote the gas sensing reaction, which will accelerate the transformation of oxygen molecules to O 2– (ads), O – (ads) and O 2 – (ads), so that the surface can adsorb more oxygen in turn and enhance the sensing performance.…”

“…Figure 6d oxygen vacancies in ZnO, respectively. 43,44 It is well known that lattice oxygen stays very stable during gas sensing reactions and does not contribute to the gas sensing performance. On the other hand, the existence of surface oxygen vacancy can promote the gas sensing reaction, which will accelerate the transformation of oxygen molecules to O 2− (ads), O − (ads) and O 2 − (ads), so that the surface can adsorb more oxygen in turn and enhance the sensing performance.…”

Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP15 nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory

“…This way, the HSPs of KP 15 can be expressed according to Equation 2 [19]. (2) where δ i,sol are the HSPs of the solvent and C is the concentration of the KP 15 dispersions. The Lambert-Beer law (Equation 3) was then used to measure the concentration of the KP 15 dispersions: (3) where A is the absorbance, K is the absorption coefficient of the material, b is the absorbing layer thickness (which in this work is the width of the cuvette, i.e., 1 cm), and C is the concentration of the KP 15 dispersions.…”

“…So far, not only new composite materials with excellent properties have been obtained by the synthesis of dif-ferent materials, but also low-dimensional materials with different properties than those of bulk materials have been synthesized by physical and chemical methods. For instance, Bingjun Yang used one-dimensional graphene nanoscroll-wrapped MnO nanoparticles as anode materials to promote the rapid diffusion and electron transfer of lithium, and Rongjun Zhao prepared n-butanol gas sensors with one-dimensional In 2 O 3 nanorods [1,2]. Different from 2D materials, 1D materials generally have a chain-like crystal structure and are easily exfoliated due to a weak interaction between these chains [3,4].…”

Gas sensing performance of In2O3 nanostructures: A mini review

“…For example, the toxic gas formaldehyde (HCHO) can cause serious blurred vision and vertigo when its concentration exceeds 0.1 mg/m 3 (Peng and Huang, 2022). In the workplace, the concentration of n-butanol should be kept below 152 mg/m 3 to ensure the safety of human lives (Zhao et al, 2021). In addition, a high risk of explosion may occur if the concentration of H 2 reaches 4%-75% in the air (Phanichphant, 2014).…”