One-Dimensional Interactions

Igra, O.

doi:10.1016/b978-012086430-0/50021-x

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In the 1950s, extensive experimental investigations were performed at the Institute of Aero physics, the University of Toronto (which was earlier known as Institute of Aerospace Studies) on the flow field resulting from one-dimensional wave interactions. Two studies namely 'On the One-Dimensional Overtaking of a Shock wave by Rarefaction waves' by Glass, et al, 1959 and another study 'On the One-Dimensional Overtaking of Rarefaction waves by a Shock wave' by Bermner et al, 1960 are used here to study the interaction between the head shock and the forward part of rarefaction wave and the tail shock and the backward region of rarefaction, respectively [14][15][16].…”

Section: Decaying Of N-wavementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all these situations, the transmitted wave decays with interactions, its strength decreases, and the entropy change across the transmitted wave diminishes. Thus, there will be a region of entropy change, i.e., a contact region between the reflected and transmitted waves [14,15]. A Mach wave is the envelope of the wavefront, traveling at the sound speed propagated from an infinitesimal disturbance in supersonic speed.…”

Section: Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strength of a shock (or rarefaction) wave is defined as the ratio of fluid pressure ahead of and behind the wave. The final waves and its states resulting from the interaction in a one-dimensional flow of a perfect gas are dependent on the relative strengths of the initial interacting shock (P 1 /P 5 ) and rarefaction waves (P 5 /P 4 ) [14,15]. For interaction, the overtaking wave (P 5 /P 4 ) can be defined as weak or strong, based on the ratio of the pressure jump (or relative strength of) across the overtaken wave (P 1 /P 5 ) and overtaking waves (P 5 /P 4 ), i.e., (P 1 /P 5 )/(P 5 /P 4 ) = P 1 /P 4 .…”

Section: Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glass et al, 1959 presented algebraic equations relating the pressure ratio across the transmitted and reflected wave (at the end of interactions) to the known values of pressure ratios across the incident shock and overtaking rarefaction wave (before interactions) [15]. When the overtaking rarefaction wave is weak, the interaction results in a reflected rarefaction wave, the quasi-steady flow in regions (P 2 ) and (P 3 ) can be evaluated using expressions Equations (19) and (20) [14]. Here, the reflected compression wave (case II, Figure 5C) was tactically assumed.…”

Section: Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here the reflected rarefaction wave ( Figure 6C) was tactically assumed. Hence, it would not influence the terminal states and can be neglected [14]. Thus, in case of a weak shock wave overtaking a rarefaction wave, the resulting flow field or terminal state will consist of a transmitted rarefaction and a reflected shock wave.…”

Section: Shock Wave Overtaking a Rarefaction Wavementioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear Behavior of High-Intensity Ultrasound Propagation in an Ideal Fluid

Kewalramani

Zou²,

Marsh

et al. 2020

Acoustics

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In this paper, nonlinearity associated with intense ultrasound is studied by using the one-dimensional motion of nonlinear shock wave in an ideal fluid. In nonlinear acoustics, the wave speed of different segments of a waveform is different, which causes distortion in the waveform and can result in the formation of a shock (discontinuity). Acoustic pressure of high-intensity waves causes particles in the ideal fluid to vibrate forward and backward, and this disturbance is of relatively large magnitude due to high-intensities, which leads to nonlinearity in the waveform. In this research, this vibration of fluid due to the intense ultrasonic wave is modeled as a fluid pushed by one complete cycle of piston. In a piston cycle, as it moves forward, it causes fluid particles to compress, which may lead to the formation of a shock (discontinuity). Then as the piston retracts, a forward-moving rarefaction, a smooth fan zone of continuously changing pressure, density, and velocity is generated. When the piston stops at the end of the cycle, another shock is sent forward into the medium. The variation in wave speed over the entire waveform is calculated by solving a Riemann problem. This study examined the interaction of shocks with a rarefaction. The flow field resulting from these interactions shows that the shock waves are attenuated to a Mach wave, and the pressure distribution within the flow field shows the initial wave is dissipated. The developed theory is applied to waves generated by 20 KHz, 500 KHz, and 2 MHz transducers with 50, 150, 500, and 1500 W power levels to explore the effect of frequency and power on the generation and decay of shock waves. This work enhances the understanding of the interactions of high-intensity ultrasonic waves with fluids.

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Section: Decaying Of N-wavementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shock Wave Overtaking a Rarefaction Wavementioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear Behavior of High-Intensity Ultrasound Propagation in an Ideal Fluid

Kewalramani

Zou²,

Marsh

et al. 2020

Acoustics

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Deflagration-to-detonation transition in laser-ignited explosive gas contained in a smooth-wall tube

Endo

Kuwajima

Kim

et al. 2020

Combustion and Flame

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Decay behavior and internal interactions of regularly reflected spherical blast waves

Almustafa,

Nehdi

2024

Physics of Fluids

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Blast wave reflection is a critical area in military and infrastructure defense, converging shock dynamics, and colliding blast waves. While irregular blast reflections have garnered remarkable attention, research on regularly reflected (RR) blast waves remains comparatively limited. This study presents a detailed literature on shortcomings of post-reflection quantities of RR blast waves and aims to bridge this gap by extensively analyzing RR behaviors of spherical blast waves against a planar surface in air via numerical methods. With 31 scenarios involving a 1 kg charge and scaled distances from 0.5 to 4.0 m/kg1/3, comprehensive field data on parameters including pressure, density, and velocity were gathered using a fan-like gauge array. A dedicated program for tracking the RR shock front was developed, enabling precise trajectory detection and detailed quantitative analyses of RR wave decay. First, accurate empirical trajectory equations for RR waves were formulated along its normal axis. Second, spatial decay analysis was conducted, revealing consistent decay rates for each RR field parameter under 1 m/kg1/3 and diminishing decay rates beyond this threshold. Third, parameter profiles preceding RR shock fronts at various post-reflection distances were examined, while discrepancies and complexities against generalized profiles were uncovered. Qualitatively, this study identified four internal interactions within the reflection phenomenon, categorized by scaled distance ranges, and elucidated the secondary wave's impact on RR wave propagation. The comprehensive quantitative and qualitative findings in this work offer profound insights into blast wave dynamics, addressing several gaps on RR blast wave behaviors and laying a foundation for understanding more complex blast reflection phenomena crucial in various domains.

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One-Dimensional Interactions

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Nonlinear Behavior of High-Intensity Ultrasound Propagation in an Ideal Fluid

Nonlinear Behavior of High-Intensity Ultrasound Propagation in an Ideal Fluid

Deflagration-to-detonation transition in laser-ignited explosive gas contained in a smooth-wall tube

Decay behavior and internal interactions of regularly reflected spherical blast waves

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