One-dimensional steady-state model for damage by vaporization and liquid expulsion due to laser-material interaction

Chan, Cho Lik; Mazumder, J.

doi:10.1063/1.339053

Cited by 209 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The expulsion of the liquid is believed to be due to the recoil pressure [5] from the rapid vaporization of a thin layer of the liquid. The increase in the drilling efficiency is partially due to the fact that the latent heat of vaporization has not been expended on this molten liquid [9]. For stainless steel, this corresponds to approximately 80% of the energy required to vaporize it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pulse 2 has a higher peak power and much lower energy. It removes the molten materials by means of the recoil pressure generated by rapid vaporization of the molten liquid [5][6][7][8][9]. The amount of material removed will depend on the quantity of liquid present when pulse 2 is fired.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of material ejected in the liquid state has a direct effect on the laser drilling/cutting efficiency due to the fact that the material is removed without the loss of additional energy required for vaporization. Many theoretical models have been developed in an attempt to characterize the dynamics of the laser drilling process [5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Pacs: ; ;Ce Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced drilling using a dual-pulse Nd:YAG laser

Lehane

Kwok

2001

Appl Phys A

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Abstract.A new method for improving the efficiency of laser drilling has been developed. Two synchronized free-running laser pulses from a tandem-head Nd:YAG laser are capable of drilling through 1/8-in-thick stainless-steel targets at a standoff distance of 1 m without gas-assist. The combination of a high-energy laser pulse for melting with a properly tailored high-intensity laser pulse for liquid expulsion results in the efficient drilling of metal targets. We argue that the improvement in drilling is due to the recoil pressure generated by rapid evaporation of the molten material by the second laser pulse. PACS: ; ;CE aLaser drilling and cutting of metals are established industrial processes. They are applied in many different production lines. There have been some attempts to understand the laser-material interaction process with the aim of improving the efficiency of laser drilling and cutting [1][2][3][4]. It has been found that material is removed in both the vapor and the liquid states. The intense laser energy used for laser drilling is sufficient to melt and subsequently vaporize the material. This vaporization process creates a recoil pressure, which is responsible for expelling the liquid. The amount of material ejected in the liquid state has a direct effect on the laser drilling/cutting efficiency due to the fact that the material is removed without the loss of additional energy required for vaporization. Many theoretical models have been developed in an attempt to characterize the dynamics of the laser drilling process [5][6][7][8][9].In most instances, a gas jet is used to assist the drilling/ cutting of the material. In the case of stand-off drilling/cutting at a distance without gas-assist, the efficiency is rather low. The problem is due to resolidification of the molten pool. Increasing the laser power does not work well. Several novel methods for improving the efficiency of material removal in laser drilling have been developed. Fox [10] combined a cw CO 2 laser with Q-switched Nd:glass laser pulses to * Corresponding author. (E-mail: eekwok@usthk.ust.hk) achieve a factor of two increase in the drilling efficiency of carbon steel. The Q-switched pulse was responsible for the ejection of liquid metal, which had not yet consumed the latent heat of vaporization, resulting in a higher drilling efficiency. This experiment was theoretically modeled by Robin and Nordin [11] and Towle et al. [12]. Another novel technique was reported by Kim et al. [13]. They reported that the laser penetration efficiency was enhanced by amplitudemodulating a free-running Nd:YAG laser. They attributed this improvement to a reduction in the plasma screening effect due to the repetitive chopping of the laser beam, along with possible acoustic resonance effects of the molten metal.In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a new method for increasing laser drilling efficiency using two synchronized free-running Nd:YAG laser pulses. We show that a Qswitched pulse is not necessary for explosive liquid expulsion. In fact, ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pacs: ; ;Ce Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced drilling using a dual-pulse Nd:YAG laser

Lehane

Kwok

2001

Appl Phys A

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“…In the laser-metal interactions investigations Chan and Mazumder [6] have devised a one-dimensional steady-state model which furnishes closed form analytical solutions for 2.1. Field Equations damage by liquid expulsion and vaporization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model for Laser Hole Drilling in Metals

Ganesh

Bowley

Bellantone

et al. 1996

Journal of Computational Physics

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“…He approached to the concept with a different perspective from background studies with using sonic flow calculations [25]. Chan and Mazumder reported a laser vaporization model with using Mott-SmithApproach in 1987 [26]. After 1988, second stage investigations were conducted for dynamic modelling of laser machining with using analytical and applied methods for different purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%