One health approach to tackle brucellosis: a systematic review

Abstract

Background Brucellosis is the most significant and common bacterial zoonosis and is recognized as a re-emerging and neglected disease. Tackling zoonosis is very important for the health and the economy. One Health is an approach characterized by the integration of human and animal health, plants, and ecosystems and encourages joining local, national, and global multidisciplinary efforts to achieve optimal levels of health and collaboration among different disciplines to address complex health problems. Objectives The present study aimed to review published scientific literature related to the use of the One Health approach to tackle human brucellosis. Methods Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched from inception until 30 January 2020. The reference lists of all relevant papers were hand-searched. Two authors extracted data from published studies independently. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool was used to assess the quality of studies. Results Of 2297 studies, 10 studies were deemed eligible, which were conducted between 2013 and 2019. Studies were performed in Uganda, Malta, Serbia, Greece, Mongolia, Azerbaijan, Israel, India, Ethiopia, and the USA. All studies suggested that brucellosis is still a major public health problem and that the most important aspect of the One Health approach is the interdependence of humans, ecosystems, and animals .Some studies have focused on livestock vaccination as the most effective way to prevent disease, and others have focused on the biology of Brucella infection and its transmission patterns. Some studies have pointed to the effectiveness of the One Health approach in all the phases of disease management as well as to its role in reducing health costs. Conclusion The success of the approach depends on the willingness of the decision-makers to implement the necessary policies. Due to the heterogeneity of current practices, and organizations involved in One Health approach-based programs, it will be incomplete without proper planning. To better implement the approach, strategies should be appraised and disseminated by experts and relevant stakeholders.

Microbiological Laboratory Diagnosis of Human Brucellosis: An Overview

“…However, a high discrepancy between the reported rate and the actual incidence has been reported largely due to misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis, especially in endemic areas [6]. The One Health approach, based on the integration of human and animal health, plants, and ecosystems, which involves local, regional, national, and global multidisciplinary cooperation and efforts, is useful [7].…”

The Demographic Risk Factors for Brucellosis in Asia

“…Studies conducted in different Asian countries explain that the exposure to the risk factor that is the infected animals is by consumption of raw milk or by humans who directly in contact with these infected reservoir animals. The various publication demonstrates the association of the disease with the risk factor [1, 2,5,6,7,8,15,16,17].…”

Brucella abortus em Humanos: revisão de literatura

“…Na pecuária, causa doença crônica com falhas reprodutivas que contribuem para perdas de produção e, em humanos, causa uma doença febril frequentemente crônica que é subdiagnosticada em muitos países de baixa e média renda (LINDAHL et al, 2020). Segundo Ghanbari (2020), o número de casos humanos não notificados em todo o mundo, que apresentam sintomas clínicos não específicos é dez vezes maior, sendo assim, é uma das preocupações de saúde pública mais significativas. Pode afetar todos os grupos de idade e sexo, e seu controle em humanos depende da limitação da infecção em animais por meio de programas de vacinação.…”

“…No entanto, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) estima que um quarto dos casos não são notificados, com apenas meio milhão de casos de brucelose sendo registrados por ano. Segundo Ghanbari et al (2020), em muitos países, o programa de saúde é mal organizado e os dados formais subestimam a carga real da doença em humanos. O papel da educação no controle de doenças, ao aumentar a conscientização sobre a abordagem de Saúde Única (humana, ambiental e animal) entre os formuladores de políticas, agricultores, profissionais de saúde e o público em geral, é fundamental para combater a brucelose e outras zoonoses.…”