One Health at gunpoint: Impact of wild boars as exotic species in Brazil - A review

Kmetiuk, Louise Bach; Biondo, Leandro Menegueli; Pedrosa, Felipe; Favero, Giovani Marino; Biondo, Alexander Welker

doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100577

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The transmission of NTM between domestic and wild species can occur through direct contact but is largely mediated by shared environments ( 68 , 69 ). The presence of NTM in free-ranging animals that share their environment with livestock highlights the need to differentiate mycobacteria species, because of the potential interference in diagnostic tests, to control mTB ( 4 , 68 , 70 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of NTM in free-ranging animals that share their environment with livestock highlights the need to differentiate mycobacteria species, because of the potential interference in diagnostic tests, to control mTB ( 4 , 68 , 70 ). In Argentina, there is a particular scenario where extensive livestock farming is the most frequent strategy, allowing domestic and wild animals to interact in the same environment, increasing the likelihood of disease transmission between them, compared to more confined and intensive farming scenarios ( 56 , 69 ). The adverse consequences associated with the introduction of livestock into habitats occupied by native fauna have been extensively documented, primarily due to the spread of infectious and parasitic diseases ( 71 – 78 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same scenario was observed in tapir (79), giant anteaters (80,81), and peccaries (35). In regards to the peccaries, efficient transmission is also described between different wild species, such as the invasive exotic wild boar and the vulnerable native peccary (69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81)(82).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in native wildlife species at conservation risk of Argentina

Barandiaran,

Ponce,

Piras

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionNon-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are mainly environmental but can cause opportunistic infections and diseases in humans and animals. Livestock and wild animals can be infected with NTM. In Argentina, there are native wild species facing conservation risks, and they are the focus of protection and reintroduction projects designed to preserve biodiversity in various ecoregions. The aim of this study was to report the presence of NTM in samples collected from four endangered native wild species from nine Argentine provinces, as part of their pre-release health assessment.MethodsA total of 165 samples from giant anteater, peccary, tapir and pampas deer were obtained, these included either bronchoalveolar or endotracheal lavages, or oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal or tracheal swabs. Bacteriological culture followed by molecular identification and sequencing were performed.ResultsA total of 27 NTM were detected, including Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis, M. intracellulare, M. terrae, M. gordonense, M. kumamotonense, M. fortuitum, M. saskatchewanense, and M. genavense. Results revealed a 16,36% NTM recovery rate, with the giant anteater showing the highest prevalence among the mammals under study.DiscussionIn Argentina, due to extensive production systems, the interaction between domestic and wild species sharing the same environment is frequent, increasing the exposure of all the species to these NTM. In this way, the transmission of infectious agents from one to another is feasible. Moreover, NTMs might interfere with the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis and paratuberculosis. These findings emphasize the importance of active health surveillance in conservation programs. It highlights the need to address NTM epidemiology in wildlife and its impact on conservation and public health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in native wildlife species at conservation risk of Argentina

Barandiaran,

Ponce,

Piras

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Free-roaming wild boars ( Sus scrofa ) are predominant within all mesoregions of Paraná State [ 38 ]. Recently, our research group investigated the occurrence of OvGHV2 within pulmonary samples of 44 free-ranging wild boars collected from the rural areas of several cities from two distinct mesoregions (Central-northern and Central-eastern) of Paraná State, Southern Brazil [ 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subclinical Ovine Gammaherpesvirus 2-Related Infections in Free-Ranging Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) from Southern Brazil

Headley,

Fritzen,

Silva

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvGHV2), is a Macavirus and the cause of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF), in which sheep are the asymptomatic reservoir hosts. Susceptible mammalian populations infected by OvGHV2 may develop clinical SA-MCF or subclinical infections. All members of the Macavirus genus known to be associated with MCF are collectively referred to as the MCF virus (MCFV) complex. This report describes the occurrence of subclinical OvGHV2-related infections in free-ranging wild boars (Sus scrofa) from southern Brazil. Specific body organs (n = 14) and biological samples (nasal and oral swabs; n = 17) were collected from 24 asymptomatic wild boars from a conservation unit located within the Central-eastern mesoregion of Paraná State. Organs were processed to observe histopathological patterns suggestive of diseases of domestic animals; only pulmonary samples were used in an immunohistochemical assay designed to detect MCFV tissue antigens. Furthermore, all samples were submitted to molecular assays designed to detect the OvGHV2 tegument protein gene. Viral-induced pneumonia was diagnosed in two wild boars; one of these contained OvGHV2 DNA, with MCFV antigens identified in the other. Additionally, MCFV tissue antigens were detected within pulmonary epithelial cells of the lungs with and without pulmonary disease. Collectively, OvGHV2 was detected in 37.5% (9/24) of all wild boars, with detection occurring in the organs of 57.1% (8/14) wild boars and the oral cavity of one animal. These results demonstrated that these wild boars were subclinically infected by OvGHV2, and that infection produced typical pulmonary alterations. In addition, the detection of OvGHV2 within the oral cavity of one wild boar may suggest that this animal may be a potential disseminator of this pathogen to susceptible animal populations, including livestock and wildlife, acting as a possible bridge host for OvGHV2. Furthermore, infection by OvGHV2 probably occurred due to incidental contact with asymptomatic sheep maintained within the surrounding rural areas and not within the conservation units.

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“…Wild boars (Sus scorfa) are native to the Eurasian continent and are now widely distributed on all continents except Antarctica (Lewis et al 2017). They display several behaviors that define their roles in ecosystems, including opportunistic predatory behavior, which poses risks to invertebrate and vertebrate communities (McDonough et al 2022), and rooting behavior, which potentially affects plant seed germination, alters soil structure, and influences nutrient cycling (Barrios-Garcia and Ballari 2012, Kmetiuk et al 2023). Wild boar are notorious for causing significant damage to agricultural production in mixed agricultural-forestry landscapes (Khattak et al 2022, Jaebker et al 2023, Leivers et al 2023.…”

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confidence: 99%

Habitat suitability and crop damage risk caused by wild boar in Guizhou Plateau, China

Yang,

Peng,

Yang

et al. 2024

J Wildl Manag

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Crop damage caused by wild boar (Sus scrofa) in many agroforestry regions of the world has affected agricultural development and farmers' livelihoods. Understanding the patterns of wild boar crop damage is important for properly managing these conflicts, and can improve the effectiveness of existing prevention strategies. We collected a comprehensive dataset from Guizhou Province, China, from 2017 to 2020, obtained from motion‐sensitive camera monitoring, transect surveys, interview surveys, and wildlife management administrations. These data include 3,156 records of wild boar activity in natural areas and 576 records of crop damage. We applied a multi‐scale MaxEnt model to map the regional distribution of wild boar habitat suitability and crop damage risk in Guizhou Province and focused on the role of habitat suitability in wild boar crop damage from a regional perspective. Wild boar habitat suitability exhibits a divergent pattern, expanding from the central area of Guizhou Province to the eastern, northern, southern, and northwestern regions, with a gradually increasing trend. Suitability of habitat for wild boar was associated with composite topographic index, mean coldest season temperature, isothermality, Shannon diversity index, edge density, and distance to village roads. Similarly, crop damage caused by wild boars in agroforestry areas is mainly concentrated in the northeast, with the risk increasing from west to east. The risk of damage was associated with temperature seasonality, roughness, distance to village roads, precipitation in the warmest quarter, edge density, and contagion index. Furthermore, in agroforestry areas, there is a positive correlation between wild boar habitat suitability and crop damage risk, with Spearman rank correlation coefficients ranging from 0.5759 to 0.5932. This correlation is not perfectly synchronized on a regional scale. This study indicates that the relationship between habitat suitability and crop damage caused by wild boar in Guizhou Province is primarily influenced by changes in population size rather than the habitat. Consequently, we emphasize the importance of controlling wild boar populations through hunting as a way to effectively reduce the risk of crop damage in agroforestry areas, without neglecting the need for proper habitat management.

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One Health at gunpoint: Impact of wild boars as exotic species in Brazil - A review

Cited by 9 publications

References 86 publications

Detection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in native wildlife species at conservation risk of Argentina

Detection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in native wildlife species at conservation risk of Argentina

Subclinical Ovine Gammaherpesvirus 2-Related Infections in Free-Ranging Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) from Southern Brazil

Habitat suitability and crop damage risk caused by wild boar in Guizhou Plateau, China

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