One Health Genomic Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase‒Producing Salmonella enterica, Canada, 2012‒2016

Abstract

N ontyphoidal Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne diarrheal illness. There were an estimated 535,000 human cases of invasive infection with nontyphoidal Salmonella and 59,100 deaths in 2017 globally (1,2). Gastroenteritis is usually self-limiting, but antimicrobial treatment, including ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, or amoxicillin, might be recommended for severe disease and invasive infections (3).Extended-spectrum cephalosporins are a major class of broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs and can be hydrolyzed by β-lactamases belonging to molecular class C (AmpC type, such as bla CMY-2 ) and molecular class A (ESBLs, such as bla CTX-M , bla SHV , and some alleles of bla TEM ) (4). ESBLs are a special concern because they sometimes cause reduced susceptibility to fourth-generation cephalosporins, such as cefepime, and they tend to be carried on mobile genetic elements (5). ESBLs are susceptible to β-lactamase inhibitors (e.g., clavulanic acid) and cephamycin-type cephalosporins (e.g., cefoxitin). Potential reservoirs of antimicrobial drug resistance are the food chain, the community, hospitals, and the environment (6). Ceftiofur was used systematically in the poultry industry in Canada. However, as of 2014, the industry voluntarily eliminated

Using a combination of short- and long-read sequencing to investigate the diversity in plasmid- and chromosomally encoded extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in clinical Shigella and Salmonella isolates in Belgium

“…Nor did the plasmid replicons have any similarity to what was detected in Shigella , because the IncHI2 plasmid replicon (10/31) was most prevalent in Salmonella (Table S6). Previous studies have shown a wide range of possible plasmid replicons in Salmonella in other countries, such as IncHI2, IncA/C, IncL/M, IncI1, IncF, IncK and IncN plasmid replicons, with IncA/I occurring both in humans and in animals [74–76]. Prediction tools showed that in Salmonella probably all ESBL genes were localized on plasmids, but only for isolate i104 was the ESBL gene on the same contig as the plasmid replicon.…”

Local and Environmental Reservoirs ofSalmonella entericaAfter Hurricane Florence Flooding

“…Both clinical and environmental non‐O1/O139 populations of V. cholera were reported to be related to a cholera outbreak in 2010 in Haiti, based on whole‐genome sequencing data (Hasan et al., 2012 ). In contrast, low phylogenetic similarity was observed between Canadian human and animal extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases‐producing Salmonella (Bharat et al., 2022 ). In the future, using the methods described here, the source of disease outbreaks could be identified.…”

The prevalence and characterization of ESBL-producing strains of Salmonella enterica circulating in the territory of the Russian Federation (2016–2020)

“…В нашем исследовании частота встречаемости НТС продуцентов БЛРС и AmpC составляла 1,45% (n = 26), среди которых 22 штамма содержали различные blaгены молекулярных классов А и D (bla TEM , bla CTXM , bla SHV , bla OXA ), 1 штамм -AmpC (bla CMY2 ) и 3 штаммакомбинацию БЛРС класса А и AmpC (bla TEM , bla CMY2 , bla DHA ) (Таблица 1). Частота выявления БЛРС и AmpC продуцирующих сальмонелл в зависимости от источника выделения составляла 1,54% от человека (общее количе ство исследованных изолятов, n = 1037), 1,8% -из про дуктов питания (от n = 499) и 0,39% -из внешней среды (от n = 257), что намного превышает значения, получен ные в результате исследования в Канаде [33], где в тече ние 2012-2016 гг. частота выявления составляла 0,35% от людей и 0,31% от животных/мяса.…”