One Health in history.

Abstract

This chapter outlines the history of the "One Health" concept through a neutral, prospective, evidence-based approach that pays due regard to historical context. It focuses on the constellation of ideas, practices and circumstances that brought human and animal health (and to a lesser extent, the environment) into alignment, the people and institutions involved and the reasons for change over time. The first section analyzes intersections between human and animal health in the pre-modern era. It shows how deeply animals and animal health were embedded within human medicine and the importance of the environment to health ideas and practices. The second section extends from the late 18th-century foundation of the veterinary profession until the turn of the 20th century. It tracks the evolving relationship between the veterinary and medical professions, and how, as scientific ideas and practices changed, new links were forged between humans, animals and the environment. The third section extends this analysis into the 20th century, focusing particularly on the changing status of animals within medical research, and on international efforts to develop comparative medicine and veterinary public health. The conclusion reflects on the importance of these findings for history, and for "One Health" today.

A One Health Perspective on the Human–Companion Animal Relationship with Emphasis on Zoonotic Aspects

“…Other visionary scientists in this field were the Canadian physician and pathologist Sir William Osler, James Steele who developed the discipline of veterinary public health at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the US, and Calvin Schwabe widely known as the father of veterinary epidemiology who wrote the first handbook in 1964: Veterinary Medicine and Human Health. The One Medicine term has evolved into One Health, placing emphasis on health promotion rather than treating diseases [5][6][7].…”

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a form of human–wildlife conflict: Why and how nondomesticated species should be incorporated into AMR guidance

“…Wildlife and habitats beyond those directly linked to people and livestock are rarely considered within AMR surveillance programs (Arnold et al, 2016), while the impacts of AMR upon the health of wildlife and their environments are to the best of our knowledge absent from the literature. This is concerning given that wildlife is a key component of life on Earth and intersects with the expanding human population more frequently than ever (Bresalier et al, 2015;Otu et al, 2021;Shaheen, 2022). Wildlife and nature-based interactions are also recognized to have positive impacts on the physical and mental health of humans (Brymer et al, 2019;Dobson et al, 2021;Dunkley, 2023;Pooley et al, 2021).…”

“…Because AMR knows no geographic or species boundaries, such resistant microbes can then move between human and animal bodies and the soil, water, air, and plants within our environments. AMR is thus described as a One Health or Planetary Health challenge (Bresalier et al, 2015;CDCP, 2017).…”

“…It is not just antimicrobial (mis)use, which drives AMR; heavy metal and agro-chemical/pesticide (mis)use, temperature, humidity, and radiation changes are all recognized to challenge the same mobile genetic elements, which drive resistance in microbes (Cavicchioli et al, 2019;Holmes, Moore, et al, 2016). Wildlife and the infectious microbes they host are frequently exposed to such stressors due to climate change, pollution, and habitat loss (Bresalier et al, 2015;Kutz et al, 2009;Otu et al, 2021;Swift et al, 2019). Many of these interactions result from or can develop into conflict between humans and wildlife for access to resources including habitats, water, territories, and food, but they can also lead to the spillover of diseases between wild, domesticated, and human populations (Cui et al, 2023;Greig et al, 2015;Skarżyńska et al, 2021).…”

A dengue no Rio Grande do Sul: uma perspectiva socioambiental da saúde única

“…Mudanças no equilíbrio dessa dinâmica são consideradas nocivas para o organismo humano desde a antiguidade (BARBOSA & LEMOS, 2007;LEBOV et al, 2017). Na história da saúde ocidental, a fisiologia animal sempre foi utilizada como um meio para se realizar inferências acerca da fisiologia humana (BARBOSA & LEMOS, 2007;BRESALIER et al, 2015). Tal prática histórica aproxima epistemologicamente as medicinas humana e animal, ao passo em que gera um compartilhamento da saúde por corpos de diferentes espécies.…”