One Health Perspectives on New Emerging Viral Diseases in African Wild Great Apes

Azevedo, Denis S.; Duarte, José Lucas C.; Freitas, Carlos Felipe G.; Soares, Karoline L.; Sousa, Mônica Shinneider de; Sousa, Eduardo Sérgio Soares; Lucena, Ricardo Barbosa

doi:10.3390/pathogens10101283

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

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Epidemiological Consequences of Individual Centrality on Wild Chimpanzees

Pierron,

Sueur,

Shimada

et al. 2024

American J Primatol

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Disease outbreaks are one of the key threats to great apes and other wildlife. Because the spread of some pathogens (e.g., respiratory viruses, sexually transmitted diseases, ectoparasites) are mediated by social interactions, there is a growing interest in understanding how social networks predict the chain of pathogen transmission. In this study, we built a party network from wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and used agent‐based modeling to test: (i) whether individual attributes (sex, age) predict individual centrality (i.e., whether it is more or less socially connected); (ii) whether individual centrality affects an individual's role in the chain of pathogen transmission; and, (iii) whether the basic reproduction number (R0) and infectious period modulate the influence of centrality on pathogen transmission. We show that sex and age predict individual centrality, with older males presenting many (degree centrality) and strong (strength centrality) relationships. As expected, males are more central than females within their network, and their centrality determines their probability of getting infected during simulated outbreaks. We then demonstrate that direct measures of social interaction (strength centrality), as well as eigenvector centrality, strongly predict disease dynamics in the chimpanzee community. Finally, we show that this predictive power depends on the pathogen's R0 and infectious period: individual centrality was most predictive in simulations with the most transmissible pathogens and long‐lasting diseases. These findings highlight the importance of considering animal social networks when investigating disease outbreaks.

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Epidemiological Consequences of Individual Centrality on Wild Chimpanzees

Pierron,

Sueur,

Shimada

et al. 2024

American J Primatol

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Local genetic adaptation to habitat in wild chimpanzees

Ostridge,

Fontsere,

Lizano

et al. 2024

Preprint

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How populations adapt to their environment is a fundamental question in biology. Yet we know surprisingly little about this process, especially for endangered species such as non-human great apes. Chimpanzees, our closest living relatives, are particularly interesting because they inhabit diverse habitats, from rainforest to woodland-savannah. Whether genetic adaptation facilitates such habitat diversity remains unknown, despite having wide implications for evolutionary biology and conservation. Using 828 newly generated exomes from wild chimpanzees, we find evidence of fine-scale genetic adaptation to habitat. Notably, adaptation to malaria in forest chimpanzees is mediated by the same genes underlying adaptation to malaria in humans. This work demonstrates the power of non-invasive samples to reveal genetic adaptations in endangered populations and highlights the importance of adaptive genetic diversity for chimpanzees.One-Sentence SummaryChimpanzees show evidence of local genetic adaptation to habitat, particularly to pathogens, such as malaria, in forests.

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Assessment of the Risks of Zoonotic Infection at the Primatology Centre of the Interdisciplinary Medical Research Centre of Franceville in Gabon

Jean,

Désiré,

Serge Ely

et al. 2024

J of Medical Primatology

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BackgroundNon‐human primate (NHPs) conservation sites could be sites of exchange of pathogens involved in infectious diseases. It is important to assess the potential risks associated with this type of structure. The objective of this study was to carry out a risk assessment of the Primatology Centre housed in the Interdisciplinary Centre for Medical Research of Franceville (CIRMF).MethodsA questionnaire was administered to the centre's staff to assess the risk associated with each workstation, followed by a review of the various pathogens identified in NHPs. The data were analysed using two diagrams: the Kiviat diagram and the Pareto diagram.ResultsBased on our results, a variety of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria and parasites, potentially transmissible to humans, were described in the NHPs at the Primatology Centre of CIRMF. The position most exposed to zoonotic risks was that of animal handlers.ConclusionThe Primatology Centre of CIRMF is a potential transfer site for the transfer of zoonotic agents. To avoid the risk of parasite exchange between staff and animals, the implementation of biosecurity measures is essential.

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One Health Perspectives on New Emerging Viral Diseases in African Wild Great Apes

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

Epidemiological Consequences of Individual Centrality on Wild Chimpanzees

Epidemiological Consequences of Individual Centrality on Wild Chimpanzees

Local genetic adaptation to habitat in wild chimpanzees

Assessment of the Risks of Zoonotic Infection at the Primatology Centre of the Interdisciplinary Medical Research Centre of Franceville in Gabon

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