One-Mile Run/Walk and Body Mass Index of an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Youth

Beets, Michael W.; Pitetti, Kenneth H.

doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000142309.29139.22

Cited by 39 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with that of Beets et al (23), who reported a similar trend in all California students in 2002. Participation in vigorous activity is higher in Whites (67%) compared with Blacks (54%) and Hispanics (60%), and decreases with advancing grade.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Our data corroborate prior studies such as the California Children Healthy Eating and Exercise Practices Survey (calCHEEPS), where 32% of 4 th and 5 th graders were overweight or obese (24). When comparing the prevalence of overweight/obesity, our data for Non-Hispanic Whites and Asians are similar to those reported for all California students in 2002, and our data for Hispanics and African-Americans indicated higher prevalence rates than corresponding estimates for the state (23). This is of interest, given the high socio-economic status of the cohort as a whole, and agrees with prior data that even in higher socio-economic strata, obesity risk is increasing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Low Aerobic Fitness and Obesity Are Associated with Lower Standardized Test Scores in Children

Roberts¹,

Freed²,

McCarthy³

2010

The Journal of Pediatrics

113

107

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Objective-To investigate whether aerobic fitness and obesity in school children are associated with standardized test performance.Study design-1,989 ethnically diverse fifth, seventh and ninth graders attending California schools comprised the sample. Aerobic fitness was determined by a one-mile run/walk test; BMI was obtained from state-mandated measurements. California standardized test scores were obtained from the school district.Results-Students whose mile run/walk times exceeded California Fitnessgram standards or whose BMI exceeded CDC sex-and age-specific body weight standards scored lower on California standardized math, reading and language tests than students with desirable BMI status or fitness level, even after controlling for parent education among other covariates. Ethnic differences in standardized test scores were consistent with ethnic differences in obesity status and aerobic fitness. BMI-for-age was no longer a significant multivariate predictor when covariates included fitness level.Conclusions-Low aerobic fitness is common among youth and varies among ethnic groups, and aerobic fitness level predicts performance on standardized tests across ethnic groups. More research is needed to uncover the physiological mechanisms by which aerobic fitness may contribute to performance on standardized academic tests. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptSchools have been ambivalent about addressing student obesity and lack of physical fitness because these health conditions are thought to be only tangentially related to academic achievement. Optimizing student academic achievement has typically been seen as a primary goal for school boards. The suggestion that physical activity and other lifestyle behaviors may affect brain functions such as learning, memory and decision-making is largely untested. Evidence is beginning to emerge, however, suggesting that childhood obesity and fitness may influence learning and measured academic performance (3,4). In counseling parents about consequences of their child's weight status, it may be helpful for pediatricians to be able to address the evidence for a possible link between academic achievement and a child's body weight. Moreover, the lack of opportunities for students to engage in physical activity in the school system and the lack of measures of fitness as vital sign in pediatric medicine may contribute to this ambivalence and lack of translation of knowledge about childhood health from physician to parent. Me...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Low Aerobic Fitness and Obesity Are Associated with Lower Standardized Test Scores in Children

Roberts¹,

Freed²,

McCarthy³

2010

The Journal of Pediatrics

113

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…12 The non-linear shape of BMI trajectories is shown by the time 29 parameter is similar to charts of BMI of French children 30 and more recently in charts for British children and youth. 31 The natural history of BMI is similar to that for body fat, a steep rise during infancy with a peak at 9 months of age, followed by a fall until age 6 years and then a second rise, which lasts until adulthood.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Correlates of changes in BMI of children from the Azores islands

et al. 2010

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Objective: To model changes in body mass index (BMI), including its stability, and to investigate the association between physical activity, 1-mile run/walk and levels of gross motor coordination and BMI during 5 consecutive years. Design: A longitudinal study of children 6 years of age at baseline followed at annual intervals over 5 years. Subjects: A total of 285 children (143 boys and 142 girls) were enrolled in grade 1 (age 6 years) and followed through grade 5 (age 10 years). Measurements: BMI was recorded and physical activity was assessed by questionnaire, aerobic fitness was evaluated with the 1-mile run/walk and gross motor coordination was measured with the KTK test battery (Körperkoordination test für Kinder). Multilevel modelling techniques were for the primary analysis. Results: Changes in BMI showed similar curvilinear trends in boys and girls, with ample inter-individual crossing trajectories that is, low tracking. Longitudinal changes in physical activity (PA) and aerobic fitness were not significantly associated with BMI-changes during the 5 years. Children who were more proficient in their motor coordination showed lower values of BMI during the 5 years. Conclusions: BMI trajectories of both boys and girls show low tracking of BMI-values. Considerable inter-individual variation exists both in baseline BMI-values and changes (velocity and acceleration) over time. PA and fitness were not associated with BMI-changes, but gross motor function was negatively associated with BMI-changes. No gender-specific associations were found. If confirmed in other populations these observations could be translated in the promotion of physical activities that improve gross motor function in children aged 6-10 years. This seems to be of major importance for the physical education curriculum of primary school children.

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“…• 38%-39% (Zephier, Himes, & Story, 1999) • 20%-21% (Caballero et al, 2003) • 33% (Beets & Pitetti, 2004) Overweight (BMI ≥95% tile) • 18%-22% (Zephier et al, 1999) • 27%-31% (Caballero et al, 2003) • 19% (Beets & Pitetti, 2004) …”

Section: Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nutrition Transition in American Indians

Compher

2006

J Transcult Nurs

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The purpose of this article was to examine whether a nutritional transition has occurred among American Indians (AI) by evaluating related articles and government health statistics. Findings indicate that although the primary health risk for the AI population around 1970 was undernutrition, now there is an obesity epidemic among all age groups that is associated with a loss of traditional food practices and reduced physical activity. Deaths caused by cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and cancer have outpaced death from infectious disease. With abundant high-energy foods and limited physical activity, the acculturated environment has resulted in obesity and increased mortality from chronic diseases. To improve AI health and survival, the obesity epidemic must be approached in a concerted, culturally appropriate manner with encouragement of traditional foods and safe opportunities for physical activity.

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One-Mile Run/Walk and Body Mass Index of an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Youth

Abstract: These data suggest 1) disparities in MRW exist among ethnic groups, after controlling for confounders; and 2) the variation observed in MRW is similar to those observed for physical activity.

Cited by 39 publications

References 28 publications

Low Aerobic Fitness and Obesity Are Associated with Lower Standardized Test Scores in Children

Low Aerobic Fitness and Obesity Are Associated with Lower Standardized Test Scores in Children

Correlates of changes in BMI of children from the Azores islands

The Nutrition Transition in American Indians

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