One-Molar Salt Solutions Used for Clay Control in Water-Based Frac Fluids in Western Siberia (Russian)

Gijtenbeek, Klaas van; Neyfeld, Alla; Prudnikova, Antonina

doi:10.2118/101203-ru

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…The reason is that as 2% KCl flows past clay material an ion exchange occurs, and 2% KCl will transform to 1.5% sodium salt water, which is too weak to prevent clay swelling. 11 A 1.0 molar solution (e.g., 7% KCl or 6% NaCl) in the completion fluid should provide adequate economic protection against freshwater swelling of clays based on work done by Gdanski and Schuchart (1997) 12 (Fig. 11).…”

Section: New Clay Stabilization Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centrifugation as a method of analyzing effectiveness of clay stabilizers for water-based fracturing fluids

Silin,

Magadova,

Borodin

et al. 2023

OIJ

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This paper provides a basic reference for clay description, clay/fluid interaction, clay stabilization, and clay/fines migration. The three types of clay stabilization including ion exchange, coating of clay particles, and modification of surface affinity toward water are described in detail. The evolution of the "7% KCl rule" is discussed, and the effect of pH on clays is investigated. The damaging potential of destabilized or migrating clays is illustrated by considering the volumetric and surface areas contacted by typical stimulation treatments.Traditional methods to test for clays using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and coreflooding are discussed. The challenges faced when using this testing in unconventional reservoirs and the impacts of using drill cuttings are described. The drill cuttings testing method is illustrated along with the recommended testing frequency throughout a play.Ranges of clay type and amounts are given for various shale and tight-sand formations in Oklahoma. An example of clay content is presented that illustrates the variability and distribution of clay material in a single formation. It is concluded that most formations in Oklahoma have a significant amount of clay material, which can vary dramatically within a formation. The potential for clay damage is significant even in low-clay-content formations; however, clay damage can be mitigated through new testing methods, proper clay characterization, and the use of clay-control additives. This paper attempts to determine how much clay is "too much" and what type of clay stabilization is appropriate based on drill cuttings clay-control testing.

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Section: New Clay Stabilization Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centrifugation as a method of analyzing effectiveness of clay stabilizers for water-based fracturing fluids

Silin,

Magadova,

Borodin

et al. 2023

OIJ

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Fracture Face Damages and Numerical Investigation of Their Impacts on the Productivity of a Shale Gas Well

Yue

Wang

2020

Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering

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Complex matrix treatment technologies selection and adaptation for the injection wells of the Republic of Tatarstan oilfields

et al. 2022

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Nowadays, oil fields on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan are developed with application of systems for reservoir pressure maintenance, involving injection of large volumes of water into the formation. Efficiency of waterflooding depends on the quality of the injected agent, and, despite the use of various technologies of preparation and treatment of injected water, with the lapse of time critical matrix porosity and permeability inevitably decreases. In this work the main sources of injection wells critical matrix clogging are considered: mechanical impurities, oil products and scales formation, and the results of the component composition analysis of deposits from cluster pumping stations are given. Using the Oddo-Thomson methodology, it is revealed that injected water is prone to calcite and barite deposition at bottomhole conditions. Physicochemical and core-flooding study of several reagents for removing colmatants: acid compositions, hydrocarbon solvents and complexing agents were carried out and their optimal formulations were determined. The matrix treatment technology, including the sequential injection of compositions based on hydrochloric and mud acids, was substantiated. An algorithm for calculating the optimal reagent volume has been developed on the basis of research data on the mineralogical composition of mechanical impurities and ionic composition of injected water. Four types of matrix treatment technologies were determined for the conditions of injection wells at the Romashkinskoye oil field Devonian formation, taking into account the composition of colmatant, and acid treatment designs were developed.

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One-Molar Salt Solutions Used for Clay Control in Water-Based Frac Fluids in Western Siberia (Russian)

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Centrifugation as a method of analyzing effectiveness of clay stabilizers for water-based fracturing fluids

Centrifugation as a method of analyzing effectiveness of clay stabilizers for water-based fracturing fluids

Fracture Face Damages and Numerical Investigation of Their Impacts on the Productivity of a Shale Gas Well

Complex matrix treatment technologies selection and adaptation for the injection wells of the Republic of Tatarstan oilfields

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