One‐pass process for the continuous dyeing of polyester/unmercerised cotton blends with disperse/reactive dyes. Part 2: Process modifications to improve the colour yield of selected reactive dyes on the cotton component of the blend<sup>†</sup>

Mehmood, Arshad; Phillips, D. Z.; Bone, John; Taylor, John A.

doi:10.1111/j.1478-4408.2008.00175.x

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…To investigate the dyeing performances of the reactive dyes in the ITTN process, cotton fabric was dyed under the dyeing conditions listed in Table (row a). The commercial reactive dyes (Table ) were chosen because they have similar colours to the polymethylol dyes and were suitable for the ITTN process .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1990s, a rapid thermofixation non‐stop continuous dyeing process (RTN process) based on Procion CX/MX reactive dyes was announced by ICI . DyStar also developed a thermosol–thermofixation non‐stop continuous dyeing process (TTN process) for its reactive dyes, such as Levafix CA (heterobifunctional), Procion PX (monochlorotriazine), and Remazol (vinyl sulfone) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mehmood suggested that the dye fixation yields of the reactive dyes could be improved under an improved TTN process (ITTN process). The specific improvement measures of the ITTN process were (1) an increase in moisture at the drying stage to enhance reactive dye diffusion and (2) the addition of dicyandiamide as both a flux (humectant) and a catalyst . In spite of these improvements, the fixation yields of the commercial reactive dyes were still only 44–80%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep‐coloured polyester/cotton blends with low concentrations of polymethylol dyes by a one‐pass continuous dyeing process

Zhao

Zhang

2015

Coloration Technology

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An obvious limitation of the one-pass continuous dyeing process for polyester/cotton blends is its inability to achieve deep colour depth, which is caused by the low dye fixation yields of commercial reactive dyes. In this study, the performances of polyester/cotton blends dyed with high-fixation polymethylol dyes and disperse dyes were compared with those of polyester/cotton blends dyed with a mixture of reactive dyes and disperse dyes. Polymethylol dyes were observed to be suitable for dyeing polyester/cotton blends when used in low concentrations; the required concentrations of polymethylol dyes were only 23-58% of the concentrations of commercial reactive dyes required to reach a given colour level on polyester/cotton blends. The wash and crocking fastness of polyester/cotton blends dyed with polymethylol dyes were similar to those of polyester/ cotton blends dyed with reactive dyes. Coloration Technology Society of Dyers and ColouristsExperimental Materials and chemicals Mercerised 100% cotton (117 g/m 2 ), 100% polyester (114 g/m 2 ), and 55:45 woven polyester/unmercerised cotton blend (114 g/m 2 ) were supplied by Chongqing Qiaozhi Weaving Mill (China).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep‐coloured polyester/cotton blends with low concentrations of polymethylol dyes by a one‐pass continuous dyeing process

Zhao

Zhang

2015

Coloration Technology

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“…The color strength ( K / S ) of foam and conventional dyed samples was measured using a Data Color Spectroflash SF 600X. The K / S values are based on Kubelka–Munk theory, where eq mentioned below defines the relationship between the absorption coefficient, K , the scattering coefficient, S , and the reflectance of fabric at maximum absorption, R . …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superheated Water Hydrolyzed Keratin: A New Application as a Foaming Agent in Foam Dyeing of Cotton and Wool Fabrics

Bhavsar

Zoccola

Patrucco

et al. 2017

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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A large amount of wool produced in the EU region is coarse and of low quality. The limited or nonutilization of such coarse wool leads to landfilling causing environmental pollution. In this paper, we studied the properties of keratin hydrolyzate, produced by a sustainable hydrolysis process, to be used as a foaming agent in foam dyeing of cotton and wool fabrics. This is a preliminary step on the way to find possible applications which overcome the environmental problem of wool waste and byproducts. We report for the first time the use of keratin hydrolyzate as a foaming auxiliary in the textile dyeing process. The surface tension, molecular weight, foam stability, blow ratio, and bubble size of keratin hydrolyzate in aqueous solutions with and without dyeing auxiliaries were determined. The dyeing influential parameter such as wet pickup was studied to identify their effect on dye fixation and color strength. The foam dyeing was compared with conventional cold-pad batch and pad-steam processes for cotton and wool, respectively. In the investigated variant, keratin hydrolyzate shows a reduction in surface tension, good foam stability along with dyeing auxiliaries, a blow ratio of about 10:1, and 0.02–0.1 mm diameter bubble sizes. These results make possible its application as a foaming agent. Cotton and wool fabrics were dyed using reactive and acid dyes respectively, on a horizontal padding mangle. In both cases, hydrolyzed keratin acts as a carrier for dye molecules and the mechanism of dyeing depends on the respective pH of the dye solution, keratin, and fiber. Foam dyeing of cotton resulted in comparable color strength, while wool shows higher color strength when compared with conventional dyeing processes. Washing and rubbing fastness of cotton and wool foam dyed fabrics are similar to the respective conventional dyed fabrics. The combinations of sustainable keratin hydrolyzate production and its use as an eco-friendly, biodegradable foaming agent in less add on foam dyeing technology resulted not only in saving of large amounts of water and energy but also will be helpful in minimizing a load on effluent and the environment.

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“…Polyester/cotton blended fabric is usually subjected to a two‐stage dyeing process in which the polyester component is dyed first, followed by dyeing of the cotton component . Several dye and process modifications have been investigated for successful shortening of the process . However, the two‐stage process still remains the norm for most of the dyeing industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the properties of pigment‐dyed polyester/cotton sheeting fabrics by response surface methodology

Hussain

Ahmad

Masood

2013

Coloration Technology

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The aim of this study was to model the effect of pigment, binder and fixer concentrations on the rubbing fastness, crease recovery, tear strength and stiffness of pigment‐dyed polyester/cotton sheeting fabrics. The design and analysis of experiments were carried out using Minitab® statistical software according to the central composite design of response surface methodology. It was found that an increase in the binder concentration significantly improves the dry rubbing fastness, crease recovery and stiffness of the fabric, with a corresponding decrease in fabric tear strength, without significantly affecting the wet rubbing fastness. An increase in the fixer concentration significantly improves both the dry and wet rubbing fastness and crease recovery, with a decrease in fabric tear strength and stiffness. The effect of binder and fixer concentrations on crease recovery was not linear and there was significant negative interaction between these factors for dry rubbing fastness. The effect of pigment concentration was not found to be statistically significant for the types and range of concentrations of pigment, binder and fixer used in this study.

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One‐pass process for the continuous dyeing of polyester/unmercerised cotton blends with disperse/reactive dyes. Part 2: Process modifications to improve the colour yield of selected reactive dyes on the cotton component of the blend^†

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Deep‐coloured polyester/cotton blends with low concentrations of polymethylol dyes by a one‐pass continuous dyeing process

Deep‐coloured polyester/cotton blends with low concentrations of polymethylol dyes by a one‐pass continuous dyeing process

Superheated Water Hydrolyzed Keratin: A New Application as a Foaming Agent in Foam Dyeing of Cotton and Wool Fabrics

Modelling the properties of pigment‐dyed polyester/cotton sheeting fabrics by response surface methodology

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One‐pass process for the continuous dyeing of polyester/unmercerised cotton blends with disperse/reactive dyes. Part 2: Process modifications to improve the colour yield of selected reactive dyes on the cotton component of the blend†

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Deep‐coloured polyester/cotton blends with low concentrations of polymethylol dyes by a one‐pass continuous dyeing process

Deep‐coloured polyester/cotton blends with low concentrations of polymethylol dyes by a one‐pass continuous dyeing process

Superheated Water Hydrolyzed Keratin: A New Application as a Foaming Agent in Foam Dyeing of Cotton and Wool Fabrics

Modelling the properties of pigment‐dyed polyester/cotton sheeting fabrics by response surface methodology

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Product

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One‐pass process for the continuous dyeing of polyester/unmercerised cotton blends with disperse/reactive dyes. Part 2: Process modifications to improve the colour yield of selected reactive dyes on the cotton component of the blend^†