“…129 For pure singlecenter catalysts, the chemical structure of the catalytic center is relatively simple, and it is difficult to optimize the binding energy of an intermediate without affecting other intermediates. [130][131][132] Therefore, the catalytic performance of pure single-center catalysts for multi-step reactions is not ideal. Consequently, the integration of single atoms and particles as multiple active centers into a catalytic system has been shown to break the scaling relationship, make up for the deficiencies of single-species catalysts, and synergistically accelerate the multi-step reactions.…”