One‐Pot Conversion of Carbohydrates into 5‐(Hydroxymethyl)furfural using Heterogeneous Lewis‐Acid and Brønsted‐Acid Catalysts

Abstract

Sn‐β zeolite and PTSA–POM, made from the copolymerization of p‐toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) and paraformaldehyde (POM), were used for the production of 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) from glucose in an environmentally friendly solvent system including γ‐valerolactone (GVL) and H2O. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, solvent, and catalyst‐to‐reactant ratio on the production of HMF were investigated. The combination of the Brønsted acid and Lewis acid catalysts largely improved the catalytic system and resulted in the production of HMF in 60.1 % yield at 140 °C in 30 min. The presence of water in the solvent had a positive influence on the production of HMF from glucose. The combination of the two catalysts also improved the catalytic performance for the production of HMF from cellulose and corn stalk.

Valorization of Chitosan as Food Waste of Aquatic Organisms into 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural by Sulfamic Acid‐Catalyzed Conversion Process

“…Unfortunately, the attempts to detect the proof of deamination in the aqueous product solution have been unsuccessful by this work and other reports ,,. Recently, some reports indicated the positive synergistic and pivotal effects on 5‐HMF and LA production from glucose using combined Brønsted and Lewis acids . They reported the combination of Brønsted and Lewis acids such as Sn‐β zeolite and PTSA‐POM, AlCl 3 ‐HCl, CrCl 3 ‐H 3 PO 4 , AlCl 3 ‐maleic acid, Sn‐beta and Amberlyst 15 as catalysts for glucose conversion to 5‐HMF and LA.…”

“…Recently, some reports indicated the positive synergistic and pivotal effects on 5‐HMF and LA production from glucose using combined Brønsted and Lewis acids . They reported the combination of Brønsted and Lewis acids such as Sn‐β zeolite and PTSA‐POM, AlCl 3 ‐HCl, CrCl 3 ‐H 3 PO 4 , AlCl 3 ‐maleic acid, Sn‐beta and Amberlyst 15 as catalysts for glucose conversion to 5‐HMF and LA. Especially, some works proposed the conversion mechanism of glucose using the combination of Brønsted and Lewis acids ,,.…”

Catalytic Production of Oxygenated and Hydrocarbon Chemicals From Cellulose Hydrogenolysis in Aqueous Phase

“…Pursuing the philosophy of efficient conversion of cellulose and hydrolyzed monosaccharide, organic solvent, biphasic solvent, ionic liquid, and aqueous-phase solvent systems were adopted and confirmed that high selectivity and yield of downstream products could be obtained (Ji et al, 2008;Van Putten et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2015;Mariscal et al, 2016;. For instance, a biphasic system made up of water and biomass-derived γ-valerolactone (GVL) has achieved a great progress in the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass into various carbohydrates by disrupting the hydrogen-bond network or decreasing the transparent activation energy (Mellmer et al, 2014a;Li W. et al, 2017;Xin et al, 2017;Zhang T. et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2019). It is also demonstrated that 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is inclined to be steady due to the existence of GVL-water biphasic solvent system and reduce the occurrence of side reactions, thereby promoting the reaction toward the target product.…”

p-Hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid–formaldehyde solid acid resin for the conversion of fructose and glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

“…7,9 In a typical dehydration experiment, 0.4 g of substrate (glucose or fructose), 0.2 g of SPFR-0.38 and a mixture of GVL/DIW (1.5 mL/ 15 mL) were added to a 25 mL stainless steel reactor. Then, the reactor was sealed and heated to the target temperature within 30 minutes under magnetic stirring at 500 rpm.…”

“…The catalytic activity of SPFR-x catalysts for the dehydration of fructose and glucose to HMF were studied in a mixture of GVL/H 2 O. GVL, a nontoxic and eco-friendly solvent, may favour the conversion of fructose to HMF. 9 In addition, GVL can be separated from the reaction media by distillation. The structure and elemental composition of the SPFR catalysts were characterized by SEM, TEM, N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FT-IR, and the effect of structure and composition on HMF production from fructose were studied.…”