One-pot hydrolytic hydrogenation of carbohydrates to hexitols catalyzed by Ru loaded P and Si-containing hierarchical porous biochars with excellent catalytic efficiency

Chemocatalytic production of sorbitol from cellulose via sustainable chemistry – a tutorial review

“…They proposed that the attachment of nickel particles to the tips of carbon nanofibers increased the accessibility of the active sites to cellulose. In addition, they confirmed by XRD characterization that the increase of the Ni (111) surface ratio and the reaction-induced remodeling of nickel nanocrystals explained the high catalytic activity. 175 Later researchers confirmed by DFT calculations that the different crystalline forms of nickel do affect hydrogenation activity.…”

“…106 It is also possible to introduce sulfonic acid groups to improve Ru/CCD-SO 3 H, 107,108 or to dope heteroatoms like nitrogen 109 and phosphorus. 110,111 Combination of bimetallic catalysts can achieve simultaneous improvement in selectivity and stability. 112 For example, the combination of precious metals and transition metals (Ru and Ni), 67,113 and the formation of alloys from transition metals (Ni, Fe) 54,68 all improve the stability of the metal sites.…”