cellulose (30-50 wt%), hemicellulose (20-35 wt%), and lignin (15-30 wt%). [3] CO -C bonds are the main connection bond in the components, but between different components hydrogen bond is the main connection. [2b,4] Cellulose is the most abundant component composed by d-glucose units linked to each other via β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, a certain amount of cellulose shows ordered crystal structure. [5] Hemicellulose is composed with various polymerized monosaccharides, mainly are C5 (xylose, arabinose) and C6 sugars (mannose, glucose, and galactose), and others, which acts as a linkage distributing between cellulose and lignin. [6] Lignin is one kind of highly complicated cross-linked 3D amorphous resin, which is composed of three monolignols (p-coumaryl, alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol) connected by different CO -O bonds. [1a] Lignin mainly lies on the surface of cellulose and hemicellulose that ensures the structural integrity and rigidity of biomass. [3,7] Currently biomass catalytic conversion has achieved great success in breaking CO -C bond, so converting single component to platform chemicals or materials is quite close to industrialization. The key of efficient application of whole biomass becomes the separation of different components with high efficiency. Owing to the complex structure of biomass, biomass fractionation is the key process for the full and efficient utilization of this renewable resource. [8] In the previous reports, various solvent systems, such as strong dilute acid treatment, [9] alkaline treatment, [10] the sulphite pulping process, [11] and organosolv isolation, [12] were used to separate cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, and their derivatives. However, most of those traditional methods always cause serious environmental consequences and result in more cost in waste disposal owing to the application of large amounts of acids and bases. [13] By contrast, ionic liquids (ILs) [8a,b,14] and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) [4,15] are widely regarded as a green alternative solvent for their near-zero vapor pressure, high thermal stability, devisable structure, and excellent solvent power for biomass. [4b,8b,16] Not like acid or base pretreatment methods that need destruction and then fractionation of biomass components, ILs and DESs methods can achieve highly selective fractionation of biomass by controlling the functional structure of ILs or composition of DESs. [4b,8a,14b,16] According to the existing reports, many ILs and