“…Metal nanoparticles (NPs), such as silver and gold, have gained researchers’ attention as potential nanoproducts that find imperative applications in biomedicine ( Hawsawi et al, 2023 ; Nath et al, 2023 ; Sukri et al, 2023 ). On the ground of medical applications of silver and gold nanoparticles, there are various reports on antibacterial investigations ( Rasheed et al, 2017 ; Nath et al, 2020 ; Wypij et al, 2021 ; Singh and Mijakovic, 2022 ; Raja et al, 2023 ), antifungal activities ( AlMasoud et al, 2020 ; Leyu et al, 2023 ), anticancer studies ( Gomathi et al, 2020 ; Kumari et al, 2020 ; Nath et al, 2020 ; Anadozie et al, 2023 ; Moosavy et al, 2023 ; Raja et al, 2023 ), antioxidant evaluations ( Rasheed et al, 2017 ; Leyu et al, 2023 ; Moosavy et al, 2023 ), wound healing studies ( Aldakheel et al, 2023 ), anthelmintic activity ( Majumdar and Kar, 2023 ), and anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities ( Ahmad et al, 2015 ). On the other hand, the chemicals employed in the fabrication of nanomaterials are expensive but also toxic and hazardous to human life and the environment ( Dehvari and Ghahghaei, 2018 ; Rahimi and Doostmohammadi, 2019 ; Altammar, 2023 ).…”