on seeking suitable electrode materials, and optimizing the electrode/electrolyte and electrode/current collector interface properties. As the core of such energystorage devices, the electrode materials directly determine the processing cost and performance of devices, such as their rate capability, specific capacitance (C sp ), cycling stability, etc, which enable the safe and highly-efficient use of energy. [1a,3] Based on the mechanisms of charge storage, SC electrodes can be classified as electric double layer electrodes (EDLEs), pseudocapacitive electrodes, and hybrid electrodes. Most of the EDLEs use carbon materials (activated carbon (AC), [4] carbon nanotubes (CNTs), [5] carbon nanofibers (CNFs), [6] graphene (GN), [7] etc.) as the electrode active materials and store energy only by electrostatic accumulation at the electrode/electrolyte interface. EDLEs usually show high charge-discharge rates and high cycling stability, while their energy densities (≈5 W h kg −1 ) are often greatly limited by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area (S BET ) and the pore size distribution of electrode materials. Pseudocapacitive electrodes are generally based on conductive polymers (polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline (PANI), polythiophene, etc.) [8] and transition metal oxides/ hydroxides (Fe 3 O 4 , MnO 2 , RuO 2 , NiO, Co 3 O 4 , Ni(OH) 2 , etc.), [9] and use reversible faradic processes for energy storage. Compared to EDLEs, pseudocapacitive electrodes can offer much higher storage capabilities because of the faradic reactions involved. In the case of transition metal oxides/hydroxides, however, their poor electrical conductivity generally leads to low power density. In addition, the easily damaged structures of conductive polymers during the faradic processes usually lead to poor cycling stability. To resolve these problems, hybrid electrodes (GN/PPy, CNTs/PPy, GN/MnO 2 , PPy/MnO 2 , NiMoO 4 / PANI, CNTs/MoS 2 , PPy/MoS 2 , etc.) [10] have been developed to take complete advantage of both EDLEs and pseudocapacitive electrodes. For a long time, nanotechnological techniques have been considered as promising approaches to prepare highly efficient SC electrodes. [1b,11] Compared with micro-and submillimeter materials, nanomaterials as active SC electrodes have the following advantages: [12] (1) A high S BET means sufficient electroactive sites and thus high capacity utilization of electrode materials; (2) Intrinsic porous structures and small particle sizes, which contribute to the complete penetration of the electrolyte and reduce the diffusion path of electrolyte ions; (3) Highly ordered hierarchical structures can relieve the stress within the materials and offer stable channels for electron transfer, which can ensure good cycling stability; (4) The The use of bio-nanotechnology for the fabrication of diverse functional nanomaterials with precisely controlled morphologies and microstructures is attracting considerable attention due to its sustainability and renewability. As one of the key energy storag...