One-Pot Synthesis of Interpenetrating Inorganic/Organic Networks of CuO/Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Aerogels: Nanostructured Energetic Materials

Abstract

For many applications ranging from catalysis to sensors to energetic materials, it is desirable to produce intimate mixtures of nanoparticles. For instance, to improve the reaction rates of energetic materials, the oxidizing agent and the fuel need to be mixed as intimately as possible, ideally at the nanoscopic level. In this context, the acidity of a hydrated CuCl(2) solution reacting toward a network of CuO nanoparticles (a good oxidant) is used to induce one-pot cogelation of a nanostructured network of a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin (RF, the fuel). The resulting wet gels are dried to aerogels, and upon pyrolysis under Ar, the interpenetrating CuO/RF network undergoes a smelting reaction toward metallic Cu. Upon ignition in the open air, pure RF aerogels do not burn, while CuO/RF composites, even with substoichiometric CuO, sustain combustion, burning completely leaving only a solid residue of CuO whose role then has been that of a redox mediator through the smelting reaction.

3D Self‐Supporting Porous Magnetic Assemblies for Water Remediation and Beyond

“…[84] Nanoporous metal foams can also be produced by nanomelting technique. [90] In detail, the resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF)/metal oxides hybrid aerogels are pyrolyzed in inert atmosphere, during which process RF evolves into carbon and carbon oxides (e.g., CO, CO 2 ), in situ reducing the metal oxides to metallic elementary substances. In another work, ultralow-density nanostructured metal foams have been derived from combustion of transition-metal complexes containing high nitrogen energetic ligands, such as the metal complexes of energetic ligand bistetrazolamine (BTA) under inert environments.…”

Physiochemical Characterization of Iodine (V) Oxide Part II: Morphology and Crystal Structure of Particulate Films

“…This control results in an inexpensive, fast, and reliable methodology, applied at the industrial level for film fabrication of dielectric, optical and microelectronic materials [28]. Remarkably, however, only a limited number of articles have been published that utilize spin coating to produce binary energetic material films [31][32][33]. While our interest is to produce and investigate such binary fuel-oxidizer energetic materials, this particular paper focuses solely on the effects of drop and spin casting of the oxidizer, given that the oxidizer seems to be most sensitively affected by the conditions of the casting process.…”

Synthesis and applications of multifunctional composite nanomaterials

“…This process results in the fabrication of variety of nanocrystalline elemental, alloy, and composite metal/semiconductor metal oxides. The sol-gel synthesis provides greater control in the process parameters, resulting in the synthesis of a variety of metal/semiconductor metal oxides (Leventis et al 2009). …”