“…Manganese oxides, including Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 , and MnO 2 , have been extensively investigated thanks to their multitude of accessible oxidation states and diversified electronic, structural, and chemical properties. − Among these systems, α-Mn 3 O 4 , a p-type semiconductor ( E G ≈ 2.3 eV) − with low cost, large abundance, and environmental compatibility, − has attracted an increasing interest for various eventual applications, encompassing electronic devices, , electrochromics, , batteries, , electrochemical capacitors, ,,,, heterogeneous (photo)catalysts, ,,,,,, and sensors. Concerning the latter field, Mn 3 O 4 -based systems have been utilized for the amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide, , bisphenol, and nimorazole drug, nonenzymatic glucose sensing, electrochemical detection of Na + ions, 2-butanone, hydrazine and biosensors for fish freshness monitoring, detection of heavy metals in aqueous solutions, potentiometric O 2 sensing, and cataluminescence sensing of acetone and H 2 S, as well as impedimetric sensors for humidity and mechanical pressure . Additional studies have concerned their use in the chemoresistive sensing of ethanol, ,,, acetone, , CO, H 2 , and humidity .…”