Selenium-containing
polymers are a group of fascinating functional
polymers with unique structures, properties, and applications, which
have been developed recently but only with limited examples. The challenges
of developing selenium-containing polymers with structural and functional
diversity include the lack of economic and safe monomers, lack of
efficient and convenient synthetic approaches, and poor stability
of selenium-involving covalent bonds. In this work, room-temperature
metal-free multicomponent polymerizations (MCPs) of elemental selenium,
diisocyanides, and dipropargyl alcohols were developed, and polymers
with a selenium-containing aliphatic heterocycle, 1,3-oxaselenolane,
were synthesized through these MCPs directly from elemental selenium.
The alicyclic poly(oxaselenolane)s enjoyed high yields (up to 93%),
high molecular weights (up to 15 600 g/mol), high thermal and
chemical stability, good solubility and processability. With the structural
design of the poly(oxaselenolane)s and their high selenium contents
of up to 33.7 wt %, the refractive indices of their spin-coated thin
films could reach 1.8026 at 633 nm and maintain 1.7770 at 1700 nm.
It is anticipated that these efficient, convenient, mild, and economic
multicomponent polymerizations of elemental selenium can promote the
selenium-related polymer chemistry and accelerate the exploration
of diversified selenium-containing functional polymer materials.